{"id":58844,"date":"2026-03-09T18:27:14","date_gmt":"2026-03-09T17:27:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/glossary\/desinformacion\/"},"modified":"2026-05-26T14:58:47","modified_gmt":"2026-05-26T12:58:47","slug":"desinformacion","status":"publish","type":"glosario","link":"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/?glosario=desinformacion","title":{"rendered":"desinformaci\u00f3n"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"ttr_start\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><p data-path-to-node=\"1\">Estrategia de difusi\u00f3n deliberada de datos inexactos o sesgados con el prop\u00f3sito de manipular la percepci\u00f3n p\u00fablica o socavar la confianza institucional.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\">\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-1 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:36;line-height:1.5;\">Descripci\u00f3n<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3\"><p data-path-to-node=\"4\">En el marco de la econom\u00eda del conocimiento, donde el valor reside en la veracidad y el procesamiento de la informaci\u00f3n, la desinformaci\u00f3n act\u00faa como un agente contaminante. No se trata de un simple error o una interpretaci\u00f3n err\u00f3nea (lo que en ingl\u00e9s se llama <i data-path-to-node=\"4\" data-index-in-node=\"254\">misinformation<\/i>), sino de una estrategia intencionada de distorsi\u00f3n cognitiva.<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"5\">Este fen\u00f3meno se apoya en la infraestructura de las TIC para escalar de forma exponencial. A trav\u00e9s de algoritmos de recomendaci\u00f3n y c\u00e1maras de eco en entornos digitales, la desinformaci\u00f3n explota sesgos psicol\u00f3gicos para propagarse m\u00e1s r\u00e1pido que los datos verificados.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-4\"><p>En una era de saturaci\u00f3n informativa como la actual, la desinformaci\u00f3n no solo busca que los receptores se crean una mentira, sino lograr que desconf\u00eden de toda verdad, neutralizando as\u00ed el valor del conocimiento aut\u00e9ntico.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-2 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:24;--minFontSize:24;line-height:1.5;\">Pilares<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-5\"><p data-path-to-node=\"7\">Para comprender c\u00f3mo opera esta estrategia se deben considerar tres dimensiones:<\/p>\n<ul data-path-to-node=\"8\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"8,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"8,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">La intencionalidad:<\/b> A diferencia del error fortuito, existe un dise\u00f1o previo para enga\u00f1ar o desorientar.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"8,1,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"8,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">La viralidad tecnol\u00f3gica:<\/b> El uso de redes distribuidas permite que un contenido falso alcance una masa cr\u00edtica antes de que pueda ser desmentido.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"8,2,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"8,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">El efecto econ\u00f3mico:<\/b> Al erosionar la calidad del capital informativo, la desinformaci\u00f3n genera ineficiencias en la toma de decisiones, afectando tanto a mercados financieros como a procesos democr\u00e1ticos.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-3 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-3 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:24;--minFontSize:24;line-height:1.5;\">El v\u00ednculo con la posverdad<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-6\"><p>En la actual econom\u00eda del conocimiento, la jerarqu\u00eda del dato ha mutado. <span class=\"citation-11\">La <\/span><span class=\"citation-11\">posv<\/span><span class=\"citation-11\">erdad<\/span><span class=\"citation-11 citation-end-11\"> es una condici\u00f3n donde los hechos objetivos tienen menos influencia en la formaci\u00f3n de la opini\u00f3n p\u00fablica que las apelaciones a la emoci\u00f3n y a las creencias personales.<\/span> En este escenario, la desinformaci\u00f3n encuentra el terreno f\u00e9rtil para germinar.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-7\"><p data-path-to-node=\"0\">La relaci\u00f3n entre desinformaci\u00f3n y posverdad es de car\u00e1cter simbi\u00f3tico: mientras que la primera constituye la herramienta, la segunda representa el entorno sociocultural que permite su \u00e9xito.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-8\"><p data-path-to-node=\"4\">Podemos desglosar su interacci\u00f3n en tres puntos clave:<\/p>\n<ul data-path-to-node=\"5\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"5,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"5,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">El m\u00e9todo vs. el estado:<\/b> La desinformaci\u00f3n es la acci\u00f3n t\u00e1ctica (el \u00abc\u00f3mo\u00bb se enga\u00f1a), mientras que la posverdad es el estado generalizado de la cultura pol\u00edtica y social (el \u00abd\u00f3nde\u00bb sucede).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p id=\"p-rc_aaa97042f3db3e40-24\" data-path-to-node=\"5,1,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"5,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\"><span class=\"citation-10\">La validaci\u00f3n emocional:<\/span><\/b><span class=\"citation-10 citation-end-10\"> En la posverdad, el receptor no busca necesariamente la verdad, sino la confirmaci\u00f3n de sus prejuicios.<\/span> La desinformaci\u00f3n alimenta este deseo mediante contenidos dise\u00f1ados para activar respuestas afectivas intensas.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"5,2,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"5,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">La erosi\u00f3n de la autoridad:<\/b> Ambos conceptos convergen en el desplazamiento de los expertos y las fuentes t\u00e9cnicas por narrativas alternativas que, aunque carezcan de rigor, resultan m\u00e1s atractivas o simples de procesar en la inmediatez de las redes.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-9\"><h4 data-path-to-node=\"6\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Impacto_en_el_ecosistema_digital\"><\/span>Impacto en el ecosistema digital<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"7\">A trav\u00e9s de las TIC, la relaci\u00f3n entre desinformaci\u00f3n y posverdad se automatiza. Los sistemas de personalizaci\u00f3n no distinguen entre un dato emp\u00edrico y un postulado de posverdad; simplemente priorizan aquello que genera mayor interacci\u00f3n. Esto crea un ciclo donde la desinformaci\u00f3n refuerza la burbuja de posverdad de los usuarios, haciendo que la correcci\u00f3n de errores sea casi imposible una vez que el dato falso se ha integrado en la identidad individual.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-4 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-4 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:24;--minFontSize:24;line-height:1.5;\">El rol del algoritmo<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-10\"><p data-path-to-node=\"3\">En el ecosistema de las TIC, los algoritmos no son meros transmisores neutrales; act\u00faan como curadores de contenido con objetivos comerciales que, a menudo, colisionan con el rigor informativo. Su intervenci\u00f3n se manifiesta en tres niveles cr\u00edticos:<\/p>\n<ul data-path-to-node=\"4\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"4,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"4,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">La segmentaci\u00f3n psicogr\u00e1fica <em>(microtargeting):<\/em><\/b> La IA analiza vastas cantidades de datos para identificar las vulnerabilidades, miedos y prejuicios de grupos espec\u00edficos. Esto permite que la desinformaci\u00f3n sea personalizada, entregando el mensaje falso justo a quien es m\u00e1s propenso a creerlo y compartirlo.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"4,1,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"4,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">La optimizaci\u00f3n del <em>engagement:<\/em><\/b> Los algoritmos de recomendaci\u00f3n est\u00e1n dise\u00f1ados para maximizar el tiempo de permanencia en las plataformas. Dado que los contenidos que apelan a la indignaci\u00f3n o al miedo \u2014caracter\u00edsticos de la posverdad\u2014 generan m\u00e1s interacciones que los datos t\u00e9cnicos neutros, el sistema prioriza org\u00e1nicamente lo falso sobre lo veraz.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"4,2,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"4,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">La generaci\u00f3n de contenido sint\u00e9tico:<\/b> El auge de la IA generativa permite crear textos, im\u00e1genes y videos (<i data-path-to-node=\"4,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"104\">deepfakes<\/i>) con un realismo asombroso y a un coste casi nulo. Esto elimina la barrera de entrada para la creaci\u00f3n de pruebas falsas, saturando el entorno de ruido que dificulta la distinci\u00f3n entre lo real y lo fabricado.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-11\"><p>A d\u00eda de hoy, el foco de la investigaci\u00f3n y la discusi\u00f3n acad\u00e9mica ya no est\u00e1 solo en definir \u00abqu\u00e9 es mentira\u00bb, sino en el <em>AI slop\u00a0<\/em>(el lodo de la IA): la inundaci\u00f3n de contenido mediocre y sint\u00e9tico que hace que el conocimiento humano verificado se vuelva m\u00e1s costoso y escaso, convirti\u00e9ndose en un art\u00edculo de lujo en la econom\u00eda digital.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-5 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-5 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:24;--minFontSize:24;line-height:1.5;\">Estrategias de mitigaci\u00f3n de la desinformaci\u00f3n<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-12\"><p data-path-to-node=\"2\">La respuesta ante la automatizaci\u00f3n del enga\u00f1o se articula en tres niveles complementarios: educativo, tecnol\u00f3gico y normativo.<\/p>\n<h4 data-path-to-node=\"3,0,0\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Alfabetizacion_mediatica_e_informativa\"><\/span>Alfabetizaci\u00f3n medi\u00e1tica e informativa<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"3,0,0\">Se trata de dotar a las personas de capacidades cr\u00edticas para evaluar la procedencia, el sesgo y la intencionalidad de los datos. En un entorno de posverdad, la alfabetizaci\u00f3n medi\u00e1tica ense\u00f1a a reconocer los disparadores emocionales que los algoritmos utilizan para <em>viralizar<\/em> contenidos.<\/p>\n<h4 data-path-to-node=\"3,1,0\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Curacion_de_contenidos_y_fact-checking\"><\/span>Curaci\u00f3n de contenidos y fact-checking<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"3,1,0\">El surgimiento de organismos verificadores act\u00faa como un filtro de calidad. Estas entidades de <em>fact-checking<\/em> utilizan, a su vez, inteligencia artificial para detectar patrones de desinformaci\u00f3n de forma masiva, intentando equilibrar la balanza frente a los sistemas de generaci\u00f3n sint\u00e9tica.<\/p>\n<h4 data-path-to-node=\"3,2,0\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Arquitectura_de_%C2%ABverdad_por_diseno%C2%BB\"><\/span>Arquitectura de \u00abverdad por dise\u00f1o\u00bb<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"3,2,0\">Una arquitectura de <em>verdad por dise\u00f1o<\/em> ofrece propuestas t\u00e9cnicas que integran la trazabilidad del dato desde su origen (como el uso de <i data-path-to-node=\"3,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"127\">blockchain<\/i> o marcas de agua digitales en im\u00e1genes y v\u00eddeos). El objetivo es que la infraestructura de las redes priorice la autenticidad sobre el simple <i data-path-to-node=\"3,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"280\">engagement<\/i>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-3 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-top:20px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-6 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-6 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:36;line-height:1.5;\">Ejemplos<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-7 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:1px;--awb-icon-size:15px;--awb-content-font-size:20px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#f9f9f9;--awb-border-color:#cccccc;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#000000;--awb-divider-hover-color:#000000;--awb-icon-color:#ffffff;--awb-title-color:#af7baf;--awb-content-color:#747474;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#9b00af;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Roboto Condensed&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:regular;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:20px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-boxed\" id=\"accordion-58844-1\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-578ea6923a26cc074 fusion-toggle-has-divider\" style=\"--awb-title-color:#af7baf;\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_578ea6923a26cc074\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"578ea6923a26cc074\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-58844-1\" data-target=\"#578ea6923a26cc074\" href=\"#578ea6923a26cc074\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Caso pr\u00e1ctico: El flash crash por desinformaci\u00f3n sint\u00e9tica<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"578ea6923a26cc074\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_578ea6923a26cc074\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p data-path-to-node=\"2\">Imaginemos una situaci\u00f3n donde una cuenta de redes sociales, con apariencia de medio de comunicaci\u00f3n leg\u00edtimo y verificada mediante <em>bots,<\/em> publica una imagen generada por IA de una explosi\u00f3n en un centro financiero neur\u00e1lgico o en la sede de una empresa del <em>Fortune 500<\/em>.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"1\" data-path-to-node=\"3\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"3,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"3,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Activaci\u00f3n algor\u00edtmica:<\/b> Los algoritmos de <i data-path-to-node=\"3,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"42\">high-frequency trading<\/i> (trading de alta frecuencia), dise\u00f1ados para reaccionar en milisegundos a noticias de \u00faltima hora en las TIC, detectan las palabras clave y la imagen viralizada.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"3,1,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"3,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Ejecuci\u00f3n autom\u00e1tica:<\/b> Sin intervenci\u00f3n humana que verifique la veracidad en ese instante, los sistemas lanzan \u00f3rdenes de venta masivas. El valor de las acciones cae en picado en cuesti\u00f3n de segundos.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"3,2,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"3,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Efecto de posverdad:<\/b> Aunque los servicios de emergencia desmientan la explosi\u00f3n cinco minutos despu\u00e9s, el p\u00e1nico ya ha generado una transferencia real de riqueza. Los actores que lanzaron la desinformaci\u00f3n pueden haber comprado acciones a precio de saldo justo antes de la recuperaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4 data-path-to-node=\"4\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lecciones_del_caso_hipotetico\"><\/span>Lecciones del caso hipot\u00e9tico<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"5\">Este escenario demuestra que en el ecosistema digital actual:<\/p>\n<ul data-path-to-node=\"6\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"6,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"6,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">La velocidad supera a la verificaci\u00f3n:<\/b> El tiempo de respuesta de las m\u00e1quinas es m\u00e1s r\u00e1pido que el proceso humano de validaci\u00f3n de la informaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"6,1,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"6,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">La veracidad es un activo financiero:<\/b> Una infraestructura informativa degradada aumenta la volatilidad y el riesgo sist\u00e9mico.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"6,2,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"6,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Asimetr\u00eda de informaci\u00f3n:<\/b> Quien posee las herramientas de IA para desinformar tiene una ventaja injusta sobre los agentes que operan bajo principios de honestidad t\u00e9cnica.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 data-path-to-node=\"6,2,0\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion_del_caso\"><\/span>Conclusi\u00f3n del caso<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"6,2,0\">La desinformaci\u00f3n no solo afecta a la pol\u00edtica; es un vector de ataque directo contra la estabilidad econ\u00f3mica que obliga a las instituciones a invertir en ciberseguridad cognitiva.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-4 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-top:20px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-8 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-7 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:36;line-height:1.5;\">Bibliograf\u00eda recomendada<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-13\"><h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Simon_F_M_Nielsen_R_K_Fletcher_R_2025_Generative_AI_and_News_Report_2025_How_people_think_about_AIs_role_in_journalism_and_society_Reuters_Institute_for_the_Study_of_Journalism\"><\/span>Simon, F. M., Nielsen, R. K., &amp; Fletcher, R. (2025). Generative AI and News Report 2025: How people think about AI&#8217;s role in journalism and society. <em>Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism.<\/em><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Analiza c\u00f3mo el aumento del contenido sint\u00e9tico est\u00e1 generando una \u00abfatiga de realidad\u00bb que deval\u00faa el periodismo profesional en el mercado de la informaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p>En l\u00ednea:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk\/generative-ai-and-news-report-2025-how-people-think-about-ais-role-journalism-and-society\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk\/generative-ai-and-news-report-2025-how-people-think-about-ais-role-journalism-and-society<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-14\"><h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"European_EPRS_2025_Information_manipulation_in_the_age_of_generative_artificial_intelligence_European_Parliament_Research_Service\"><\/span>European EPRS (2025). Information manipulation in the age of generative artificial intelligence. <em>European Parliament Research Service.<\/em><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Un documento t\u00e9cnico-pol\u00edtico que disecciona la \u00abeconom\u00eda de la mentira\u00bb. Explica c\u00f3mo la IA generativa ha reducido los costes de producci\u00f3n de desinformaci\u00f3n, rompiendo las barreras de entrada para actores maliciosos y saturando las TIC con datos de baja calidad.<\/p>\n<p>En l\u00ednea:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/thinktank\/en\/document\/EPRS_BRI(2025)779259\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/thinktank\/en\/document\/EPRS_BRI(2025)779259<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-15\"><h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Gambacorta_L_2026_Inteligencia_artificial_y_estabilidad_financiera_Funcas_Bank_for_International_Settlements\"><\/span>Gambacorta, L. (2026). Inteligencia artificial y estabilidad financiera, <em>Funcas \/ Bank for International Settlements.<\/em><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Analiza el impacto de la desinformaci\u00f3n algor\u00edtmica espec\u00edficamente en los mercados financieros. Vincula la desinformaci\u00f3n con riesgos sist\u00e9micos en la econom\u00eda real y la toma de decisiones empresariales.<\/p>\n<p>En l\u00ednea:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.funcas.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Gambacorta_PEE186.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.funcas.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Gambacorta_PEE186.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-16\"><h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tunon-Navarro_J_et_al_2025_Journalism_Disinformation_and_Artificial_Intelligence_Ethical_Political_and_Social_Challenges_MDPI_Social_Sciences_Special_Issue\"><\/span>Tu\u00f1\u00f3n-Navarro, J., et al. (2025). Journalism, Disinformation, and Artificial Intelligence: Ethical, Political, and Social Challenges. <em>MDPI Social Sciences (Special Issue).<\/em><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Una compilaci\u00f3n acad\u00e9mica que aborda la \u00abforensia de la realidad\u00bb. Se centra en c\u00f3mo las sociedades deben reconfigurar su capital cognitivo para sobrevivir a la desinformaci\u00f3n a gran escala impulsada por modelos de lenguaje (LLM).<\/p>\n<p>En l\u00ednea:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/journal\/socsci\/special_issues\/28YBCR8230\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/journal\/socsci\/special_issues\/28YBCR8230<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-5 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-top:20px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-9 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-8 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:36;line-height:1.5;\">Recursos adicionales<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-10 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-9 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:24;--minFontSize:24;line-height:1.5;\">Instituciones y fuentes de referencia<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-content-boxes content-boxes columns row fusion-columns-1 fusion-columns-total-5 fusion-content-boxes-1 content-boxes-icon-with-title content-left\" style=\"--awb-hover-accent-color:#000000;--awb-circle-hover-accent-color:transparent;--awb-item-margin-bottom:40px;\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div style=\"--awb-backgroundcolor:#ffffff;\" class=\"fusion-column content-box-column content-box-column content-box-column-1 col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 fusion-content-box-hover content-box-column-last-in-row\"><div class=\"col content-box-wrapper content-wrapper-background link-area-link-icon link-type-button-bar icon-hover-animation-fade\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div class=\"heading heading-with-icon icon-left\"><a class=\"heading-link\" style=\"float:left;\" href=\"https:\/\/digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu\/en\/policies\/european-digital-media-observatory\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><div class=\"icon\"><i style=\"background-color:transparent;border-color:transparent;height:auto;width: 21px;line-height:normal;font-size:21px;\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fontawesome-icon fa-university fas circle-no\"><\/i><\/div><h4 class=\"content-box-heading fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"--h4_typography-font-size:20px;--fontSize:20;line-height:1.5;\">European Digital Media Observatory - EDMO<\/h4><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><div class=\"content-container\">\n<blockquote><p>The European Digital Media Observatory (EDMO) is a project that supports the independent community working to combat disinformation.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Es el centro neur\u00e1lgico de la Uni\u00f3n Europea para la coordinaci\u00f3n de verificadores (<em>fact-checkers<\/em>) e investigadores acad\u00e9micos. Es la fuente principal para entender la gobernanza algor\u00edtmica en Europa.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><a class=\" fusion-read-more fusion-button-bar\" style=\"float:left;\" href=\"https:\/\/digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu\/en\/policies\/european-digital-media-observatory\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Digital-Strategy.EC.Europa.eu<\/a><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div style=\"--awb-backgroundcolor:#ffffff;\" class=\"fusion-column content-box-column content-box-column content-box-column-2 col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 fusion-content-box-hover content-box-column-last-in-row\"><div class=\"col content-box-wrapper content-wrapper-background link-area-link-icon link-type-button-bar icon-hover-animation-fade\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div class=\"heading heading-with-icon icon-left\"><a class=\"heading-link\" style=\"float:left;\" href=\"https:\/\/iberifier.eu\/observatorio\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><div class=\"icon\"><i style=\"background-color:transparent;border-color:transparent;height:auto;width: 21px;line-height:normal;font-size:21px;\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fontawesome-icon fa-university fas circle-no\"><\/i><\/div><h4 class=\"content-box-heading fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"--h4_typography-font-size:20px;--fontSize:20;line-height:1.5;\">Iberifier - Observatorio Ib\u00e9rico de Medios Digitales<\/h4><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><div class=\"content-container\">\n<blockquote><p>IBERIFIER es un observatorio de medios digitales de Espa\u00f1a y Portugal, impulsado por la Comisi\u00f3n Europea y vinculado al European Digital Media Observatory (EDMO). Coordinado desde la Universidad de Navarra, est\u00e1 integrado por doce universidades, cinco organizaciones de verificaci\u00f3n y agencias de noticias, y seis centros de investigaci\u00f3n multidisciplinar.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><a class=\" fusion-read-more fusion-button-bar\" style=\"float:left;\" href=\"https:\/\/iberifier.eu\/observatorio\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Iberifier.eu<\/a><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div style=\"--awb-backgroundcolor:#ffffff;\" class=\"fusion-column content-box-column content-box-column content-box-column-3 col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 fusion-content-box-hover content-box-column-last-in-row\"><div class=\"col content-box-wrapper content-wrapper-background link-area-link-icon link-type-button-bar icon-hover-animation-fade\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div class=\"heading heading-with-icon icon-left\"><a class=\"heading-link\" style=\"float:left;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ucm.es\/observatoriodesinformacion\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><div class=\"icon\"><i style=\"background-color:transparent;border-color:transparent;height:auto;width: 21px;line-height:normal;font-size:21px;\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fontawesome-icon fa-university fas circle-no\"><\/i><\/div><h4 class=\"content-box-heading fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"--h4_typography-font-size:20px;--fontSize:20;line-height:1.5;\">Observatorio Complutense de Desinformaci\u00f3n<\/h4><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><div class=\"content-container\">\n<blockquote><p>El Observatorio Complutense de Desinformaci\u00f3n es un proyecto que agrupa a m\u00e1s de cuarenta investigadores alrededor del mundo para explorar y entender el fen\u00f3meno de la desinformaci\u00f3n, sus causas, consecuencias y ant\u00eddotos.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Referente en el an\u00e1lisis de \u00abforensia de la realidad\u00bb (<em>reality forensics<\/em>), centrado en c\u00f3mo las infraestructuras tecnol\u00f3gicas moldean la creencia p\u00fablica.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><a class=\" fusion-read-more fusion-button-bar\" style=\"float:left;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ucm.es\/observatoriodesinformacion\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UCM.es<\/a><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div style=\"--awb-backgroundcolor:#ffffff;\" class=\"fusion-column content-box-column content-box-column content-box-column-4 col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 fusion-content-box-hover content-box-column-last-in-row\"><div class=\"col content-box-wrapper content-wrapper-background link-area-link-icon link-type-button-bar icon-hover-animation-fade\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div class=\"heading heading-with-icon icon-left\"><a class=\"heading-link\" style=\"float:left;\" href=\"https:\/\/maldita.es\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><div class=\"icon\"><i style=\"background-color:transparent;border-color:transparent;height:auto;width: 21px;line-height:normal;font-size:21px;\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fontawesome-icon fa-newspaper fas circle-no\"><\/i><\/div><h4 class=\"content-box-heading fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"--h4_typography-font-size:20px;--fontSize:20;line-height:1.5;\">Maldita.es<\/h4><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><div class=\"content-container\">\n<p>Instituci\u00f3n l\u00edder en Espa\u00f1a que combina la verificaci\u00f3n de datos con proyectos de investigaci\u00f3n sobre el impacto del discurso de odio y la polarizaci\u00f3n automatizada.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><a class=\" fusion-read-more fusion-button-bar\" style=\"float:left;\" href=\"https:\/\/maldita.es\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Maldita.es<\/a><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div style=\"--awb-backgroundcolor:#ffffff;\" class=\"fusion-column content-box-column content-box-column content-box-column-5 col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 fusion-content-box-hover content-box-column-last content-box-column-last-in-row\"><div class=\"col content-box-wrapper content-wrapper-background link-area-link-icon link-type-button-bar icon-hover-animation-fade\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div class=\"heading heading-with-icon icon-left\"><a class=\"heading-link\" style=\"float:left;\" href=\"https:\/\/osis.bg\/?page_id=849&amp;lang=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><div class=\"icon\"><i style=\"background-color:transparent;border-color:transparent;height:auto;width: 21px;line-height:normal;font-size:21px;\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fontawesome-icon fa-newspaper fas circle-no\"><\/i><\/div><h4 class=\"content-box-heading fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"--h4_typography-font-size:20px;--fontSize:20;line-height:1.5;\">Open Society Institute \u2013 Sofia<\/h4><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><div class=\"content-container\">\n<p>Publica anualmente el <em>Media Literacy Index<\/em>, el term\u00f3metro global que mide la resiliencia de las sociedades ante la desinformaci\u00f3n con base en su nivel de educaci\u00f3n y libertad de prensa.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><a class=\" fusion-read-more fusion-button-bar\" style=\"float:left;\" href=\"https:\/\/osis.bg\/?page_id=849&amp;lang=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Osis.bg<\/a><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-11 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-10 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:24;--minFontSize:24;line-height:1.5;\">Noticias y art\u00edculos de opini\u00f3n<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-content-boxes content-boxes columns row fusion-columns-1 fusion-columns-total-3 fusion-content-boxes-2 content-boxes-icon-with-title content-left\" style=\"--awb-hover-accent-color:#000000;--awb-circle-hover-accent-color:transparent;--awb-item-margin-bottom:40px;\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div style=\"--awb-backgroundcolor:#ffffff;\" class=\"fusion-column content-box-column content-box-column content-box-column-1 col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 fusion-content-box-hover content-box-column-last-in-row\"><div class=\"col content-box-wrapper content-wrapper-background link-area-link-icon link-type-button-bar icon-hover-animation-fade\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div class=\"heading heading-with-icon icon-left\"><a class=\"heading-link\" style=\"float:left;\" href=\"https:\/\/elpais.com\/opinion\/2026-03-09\/el-soldado-algoritmo.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><div class=\"icon\"><i style=\"background-color:transparent;border-color:transparent;height:auto;width: 21px;line-height:normal;font-size:21px;\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fontawesome-icon fa-bookmark fas circle-no\"><\/i><\/div><h4 class=\"content-box-heading fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"--h4_typography-font-size:20px;--fontSize:20;line-height:1.5;\">El \u2018soldado algoritmo\u2019<\/h4><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><div class=\"content-container\">\n<blockquote><p>Durante mucho tiempo pensamos que la desinformaci\u00f3n era, b\u00e1sicamente, una guerra de mensajes. Aparec\u00eda una mentira en internet y alguien, un periodista, un verificador o un medio, sal\u00eda a desmontarla. El combate enfrentaba a un rumor frente a un dato. Hoy el campo de batalla es bastante m\u00e1s complejo y el concepto mismo de desinformaci\u00f3n necesita ser redefinido permanentemente. La crisis de Oriente Pr\u00f3ximo es, adem\u00e1s de un problem\u00f3n, una ocasi\u00f3n inmejorable para comprobarlo.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><a class=\" fusion-read-more fusion-button-bar\" style=\"float:left;\" href=\"https:\/\/elpais.com\/opinion\/2026-03-09\/el-soldado-algoritmo.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Carmela R\u00edos (El Pa\u00eds, 09 mar 2026)<\/a><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div style=\"--awb-backgroundcolor:#ffffff;\" class=\"fusion-column content-box-column content-box-column content-box-column-2 col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 fusion-content-box-hover content-box-column-last-in-row\"><div class=\"col content-box-wrapper content-wrapper-background link-area-link-icon link-type-button-bar icon-hover-animation-fade\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div class=\"heading heading-with-icon icon-left\"><a class=\"heading-link\" style=\"float:left;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.unav.edu\/web\/ciencia-razon-y-fe\/la-era-de-la-posverdad-la-posveracidad-y-la-charlataneria#:~:text=Este%20t\u00e9rmino%20es%20la%20traducci\u00f3n%20de%20post%2Dtruth%2C,apelaci\u00f3n%20a%20las%20emociones%20y%20creencias%20personales.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><div class=\"icon\"><i style=\"background-color:transparent;border-color:transparent;height:auto;width: 21px;line-height:normal;font-size:21px;\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fontawesome-icon fa-bookmark fas circle-no\"><\/i><\/div><h4 class=\"content-box-heading fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"--h4_typography-font-size:20px;--fontSize:20;line-height:1.5;\">La era de la posverdad, la posveracidad y la charlataner\u00eda<\/h4><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><div class=\"content-container\">\n<blockquote><p>El a\u00f1o 2016 fue catalogado por muchos periodistas y analistas pol\u00edticos como el a\u00f1o de la posverdad. Este t\u00e9rmino es la traducci\u00f3n de post-truth, elegida palabra de ese a\u00f1o por Oxford Dictionaries. Su significado se refiere a algo que denota unas circunstancias en las que los hechos objetivos son menos influyentes, en la formaci\u00f3n de la opini\u00f3n p\u00fablica, que la apelaci\u00f3n a las emociones y creencias personales. Bajo estos t\u00e9rminos, quien desee influir en la opini\u00f3n p\u00fablica deber\u00e1 concentrar sus esfuerzos en la elaboraci\u00f3n de discursos f\u00e1ciles de aceptar, insistir en lo que puede satisfacer los sentimientos y creencias de su audiencia, m\u00e1s que en los hechos reales.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><a class=\" fusion-read-more fusion-button-bar\" style=\"float:left;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.unav.edu\/web\/ciencia-razon-y-fe\/la-era-de-la-posverdad-la-posveracidad-y-la-charlataneria#:~:text=Este%20t\u00e9rmino%20es%20la%20traducci\u00f3n%20de%20post%2Dtruth%2C,apelaci\u00f3n%20a%20las%20emociones%20y%20creencias%20personales.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Mart\u00edn Montoya (Universidad de Navarra, 2019)<\/a><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div style=\"--awb-backgroundcolor:#ffffff;\" class=\"fusion-column content-box-column content-box-column content-box-column-3 col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 fusion-content-box-hover content-box-column-last content-box-column-last-in-row\"><div class=\"col content-box-wrapper content-wrapper-background link-area-link-icon link-type-button-bar icon-hover-animation-fade\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div class=\"heading heading-with-icon icon-left\"><a class=\"heading-link\" style=\"float:left;\" href=\"https:\/\/es.wired.com\/articulos\/una-nueva-era-de-desinformacion-esta-aqui-la-ia-ya-coordina-campanas-de-propaganda-de-manera-autonoma\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><div class=\"icon\"><i style=\"background-color:transparent;border-color:transparent;height:auto;width: 21px;line-height:normal;font-size:21px;\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fontawesome-icon fa-bookmark fas circle-no\"><\/i><\/div><h4 class=\"content-box-heading fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"--h4_typography-font-size:20px;--fontSize:20;line-height:1.5;\">Una nueva era de desinformaci\u00f3n est\u00e1 aqu\u00ed: la IA ya coordina campa\u00f1as de propaganda de manera aut\u00f3noma<\/h4><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><div class=\"content-container\">\n<blockquote><p>Un nuevo estudio revel\u00f3 que los agentes de IA pueden hoy organizar campa\u00f1as digitales de manipulaci\u00f3n informativa de forma totalmente automatizada.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><a class=\" fusion-read-more fusion-button-bar\" style=\"float:left;\" href=\"https:\/\/es.wired.com\/articulos\/una-nueva-era-de-desinformacion-esta-aqui-la-ia-ya-coordina-campanas-de-propaganda-de-manera-autonoma\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Fernanda Gonz\u00e1lez (Wired 12\/03\/2026)<\/a><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-6 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-12 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:60px;width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-dotted\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;border-color:#000000;border-top-width:1px;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"ttr_end\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_vp_format_video_url":"","_vp_image_focal_point":[]},"glosario_categoria":[7025],"glosario_tag":[7033,7034,7035,7020,7036,7023,7037],"class_list":["post-58844","glosario","type-glosario","status-publish","hentry","glosario_categoria-investigacion-analisis","glosario_tag-ciencias-de-la-informacion","glosario_tag-economia-del-conocimiento","glosario_tag-fact-checking","glosario_tag-gestion-de-informacion","glosario_tag-inteligencia-artificial","glosario_tag-periodismo-de-investigacion","glosario_tag-sociedad-de-la-informacion"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/glosario\/58844","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/glosario"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/glosario"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=58844"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"glosario_categoria","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fglosario_categoria&post=58844"},{"taxonomy":"glosario_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fglosario_tag&post=58844"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}