{"id":58852,"date":"2026-02-19T21:02:22","date_gmt":"2026-02-19T20:02:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/glossary\/innovacion-abierta\/"},"modified":"2026-05-26T15:18:31","modified_gmt":"2026-05-26T13:18:31","slug":"innovacion-abierta","status":"publish","type":"glosario","link":"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/?glosario=innovacion-abierta","title":{"rendered":"innovaci\u00f3n abierta"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"ttr_start\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><p>Un paradigma de gesti\u00f3n de la innovaci\u00f3n que sostiene que las organizaciones pueden, y deben, utilizar tanto ideas externas como internas para avanzar en su desarrollo tecnol\u00f3gico y competitivo.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\">\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-1 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:36;line-height:1.5;\">Descripci\u00f3n<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3\"><p data-path-to-node=\"5\">Tradicionalmente, las empresas operaban bajo un modelo de \u00abinnovaci\u00f3n cerrada\u00bb, donde el proceso de investigaci\u00f3n y desarrollo (I+D) se gestionaba exclusivamente dentro de los l\u00edmites de la organizaci\u00f3n. Sin embargo, en el contexto actual de flujos de informaci\u00f3n acelerados, este enfoque resulta insuficiente.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-4\"><p data-path-to-node=\"6\">La innovaci\u00f3n abierta rompe los muros de la estructura corporativa, asumiendo que el conocimiento \u00fatil est\u00e1 distribuido globalmente. Por lo tanto, la empresa no solo genera sus propias ideas, sino que integra aportaciones de universidades, <i data-path-to-node=\"6\" data-index-in-node=\"240\">startups<\/i>, proveedores e incluso clientes para acelerar el progreso.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-2 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:24;--minFontSize:24;line-height:1.5;\">Origen y fundamentaci\u00f3n te\u00f3rica<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-5\"><p id=\"p-rc_5c2aead2b8ab3fb8-33\" data-path-to-node=\"4\"><span class=\"citation-31\">El concepto fue acu\u00f1ado y sistematizado por el consultor y acad\u00e9mico <\/span><span class=\"citation-31\">Henry Chesbrough<\/span><span class=\"citation-31\"> en su obra seminal de 2003, <\/span><i data-path-to-node=\"4\" data-index-in-node=\"101\"><span class=\"citation-31\">Open Innovation.<\/span><\/i><span class=\"citation-31 citation-end-31\"><span id='easy-footnote-1-58852' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/?glosario=innovacion-abierta#easy-footnote-bottom-1-58852' title='Chesbrough, Henry (2003). &lt;i data-path-to-node=&quot;4&quot; data-index-in-node=&quot;101&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;citation-31&quot;&gt;Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology.\u00a0&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;citation-31&quot;&gt;Harvard Business School Press.'><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span><\/span>Antes de esta publicaci\u00f3n, la gesti\u00f3n de la I+D se basaba en un modelo de integraci\u00f3n vertical en que el \u00e9xito depend\u00eda del control total del proceso de invenci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"5\">Chesbrough transform\u00f3 esta visi\u00f3n al demostrar que, en un entorno de alta movilidad de trabajadores del conocimiento y presencia de capital de riesgo, las fronteras de la empresa deben volverse porosas. Su trabajo estableci\u00f3 que la ventaja competitiva ya no reside en la acumulaci\u00f3n aislada de propiedad intelectual, sino en la capacidad de conectar flujos de conocimiento externos e internos para generar nuevos modelos de negocio.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-6\"><p data-path-to-node=\"8\">La importancia del trabajo de Chesbrough radica en tres pilares que definen la gesti\u00f3n moderna:<\/p>\n<ol start=\"1\" data-path-to-node=\"9\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"9,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"9,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">La erosi\u00f3n de los silos:<\/b> El reconocimiento de que \u00abno toda la gente inteligente trabaja para nosotros\u00bb.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"9,1,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"9,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">El mercado de las ideas:<\/b> La validaci\u00f3n de que las invenciones que no se utilizan internamente tienen un valor comercial si se permite que otros las exploten (flujo saliente).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"9,2,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"9,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">El papel estrat\u00e9gico de la direcci\u00f3n:<\/b> La innovaci\u00f3n deja de ser una tarea exclusiva de ingenieros y cient\u00edficos para convertirse en una funci\u00f3n de la estrategia corporativa y la gesti\u00f3n de redes.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-3 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-3 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:24;--minFontSize:24;line-height:1.5;\">Mecanismos de flujo<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-7\"><p data-path-to-node=\"8\">Este modelo se articula principalmente a trav\u00e9s de dos v\u00edas complementarias:<\/p>\n<ul data-path-to-node=\"9\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"9,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"9,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Flujo entrante (<em>inbound<\/em>):<\/b> La organizaci\u00f3n capta conocimiento, patentes o tecnolog\u00edas externas para fortalecer sus capacidades internas y reducir los tiempos de lanzamiento al mercado.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"9,1,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"9,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Flujo saliente (<em>outbound<\/em>):<\/b> La empresa permite que ideas o tecnolog\u00edas que no se alinean con su modelo de negocio principal sean utilizadas por terceros, ya sea mediante licencias, <i data-path-to-node=\"9,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"180\">spin-offs<\/i> o alianzas estrat\u00e9gicas.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-4 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-4 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:24;--minFontSize:24;line-height:1.5;\">La gesti\u00f3n del conocimiento y el rol de las patentes<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-8\"><p data-path-to-node=\"11\">Bajo este prisma, el valor no reside \u00fanicamente en \u00abposeer\u00bb el conocimiento, sino en la capacidad de conectarlo y orquestarlo. En un ecosistema donde el talento es altamente m\u00f3vil y el acceso a la informaci\u00f3n es ubicuo, la ventaja competitiva surge de la porosidad de la organizaci\u00f3n; es decir, de su habilidad para asimilar la inteligencia colectiva y transformarla en valor econ\u00f3mico y social.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-9\"><p>En el marco de la innovaci\u00f3n abierta, el papel de las patentes experimenta una transformaci\u00f3n conceptual: dejan de ser vistas exclusivamente como \u00abmuros\u00bb defensivos para convertirse en activos de intercambio y moneda de colaboraci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"4\">Al contrario de lo que la intuici\u00f3n podr\u00eda sugerir, la apertura no implica la renuncia a la protecci\u00f3n legal. En realidad, un sistema s\u00f3lido de patentes es lo que permite que entidades de distintos tama\u00f1os (como una peque\u00f1a <i data-path-to-node=\"4\" data-index-in-node=\"198\">startup<\/i> o una gran corporaci\u00f3n) colaboren con confianza.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-10\"><p data-path-to-node=\"5,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"5,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Seguridad jur\u00eddica<\/b><\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"5,0,0\">La patente define claramente qu\u00e9 conocimiento pertenece a qui\u00e9n antes de iniciar una fase de co-creaci\u00f3n. Esto reduce el miedo al plagio y facilita la firma de acuerdos de transferencia tecnol\u00f3gica.<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"5,1,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"5,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Monetizaci\u00f3n del conocimiento excedente<\/b><\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"5,1,0\">Muchas organizaciones generan invenciones que no encajan en su l\u00ednea de negocio principal. Gracias a las patentes, pueden licenciar esa tecnolog\u00eda a terceros, transformando un coste de I+D en una fuente de ingresos pasivos.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-11\"><h4 data-path-to-node=\"6\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Modelos_de_gestion_de_propiedad_intelectual\"><\/span>Modelos de gesti\u00f3n de propiedad intelectual<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"7\">En el entorno de la econom\u00eda del conocimiento, la gesti\u00f3n de patentes se aleja del proteccionismo r\u00edgido de la propiedad intelectual hacia modelos m\u00e1s din\u00e1micos.<\/p>\n<table data-path-to-node=\"8\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Modelo<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Descripci\u00f3n<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Objetivo<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"8,1,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"8,1,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Licenciamiento cruzado<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"8,1,1,0\">Dos empresas intercambian derechos sobre sus patentes.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"8,1,2,0\">Evitar litigios y permitir que ambas innoven sobre la base de la otra.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"8,2,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"8,2,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Carteras compartidas (<em>patent pools<\/em>)<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"8,2,1,0\">Consorcios de empresas agrupan patentes clave.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"8,2,2,0\">Establecer est\u00e1ndares tecnol\u00f3gicos (como el WiFi o el 4G\/5G).<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"8,3,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"8,3,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Open Patent Pledges<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"8,3,1,0\">La empresa libera sus patentes para uso p\u00fablico bajo ciertas condiciones.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"8,3,2,0\">Fomentar que un sector entero crezca (ej., Tesla con sus patentes de veh\u00edculos el\u00e9ctricos).<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-5 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-5 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:24;--minFontSize:24;line-height:1.5;\">La democratizaci\u00f3n de la innovaci\u00f3n: los usuarios como agentes activos<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-12\"><p data-path-to-node=\"4\">Muy poco tiempo despu\u00e9s (apenas un par de a\u00f1os) de que Chesbrough redefiniera las reglas de la gesti\u00f3n de la innovaci\u00f3n, el trabajo de Eric von Hippel<span id='easy-footnote-2-58852' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/?glosario=innovacion-abierta#easy-footnote-bottom-2-58852' title='Von Hippel, Eric (2005). &lt;em&gt;Democratizing Innovation&lt;\/em&gt;. The MIT Press.'><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/span> surge como una respuesta cr\u00edtica al modelo tradicional que situaba al fabricante como el \u00fanico protagonista del proceso creativo. En un entorno donde las herramientas de dise\u00f1o y la informaci\u00f3n est\u00e1n cada vez m\u00e1s al alcance de todos, Von Hippel identifica un cambio de paradigma: la transici\u00f3n de un modelo centrado en el productor a uno centrado en el usuario.<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"5\">Bajo esta premisa, la innovaci\u00f3n de usuario postula que los \u00abusuarios l\u00edderes\u00bb (<i data-path-to-node=\"5\" data-index-in-node=\"80\">lead users<\/i>) \u2014aquellos cuyas necesidades actuales se adelantan a las tendencias generales del mercado\u2014 a menudo desarrollan soluciones propias mucho antes que las empresas detecten esa demanda comercial. Mientras que la innovaci\u00f3n abierta de Chesbrough se enfoca en c\u00f3mo la organizaci\u00f3n gestiona y orquesta los flujos de conocimiento, Von Hippel pone el foco en la motivaci\u00f3n individual y la resoluci\u00f3n de problemas pr\u00e1cticos como motores de la invenci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-3 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-top:20px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-6 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-6 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:36;line-height:1.5;\">Ejemplos<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-7 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:1px;--awb-icon-size:15px;--awb-content-font-size:20px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#f9f9f9;--awb-border-color:#cccccc;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#000000;--awb-divider-hover-color:#000000;--awb-icon-color:#ffffff;--awb-title-color:#af7baf;--awb-content-color:#747474;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#9b00af;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Roboto Condensed&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:regular;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:20px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-boxed\" id=\"accordion-58852-1\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-cb03d049882490a1e fusion-toggle-has-divider\" style=\"--awb-title-color:#af7baf;\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_cb03d049882490a1e\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cb03d049882490a1e\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-58852-1\" data-target=\"#cb03d049882490a1e\" href=\"#cb03d049882490a1e\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">El caso LEGO Ideas: Co-creaci\u00f3n y apertura<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"cb03d049882490a1e\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_cb03d049882490a1e\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p data-path-to-node=\"2\">Tras una crisis financiera a principios de los 2000, la compa\u00f1\u00eda danesa comprendi\u00f3 que su equipo interno de dise\u00f1o, por talentoso que fuera, no pod\u00eda competir con la creatividad combinada de sus millones de aficionados globales.<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"3,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"3,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">El mecanismo<\/b><\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"3,0,0\">A trav\u00e9s de una plataforma digital, cualquier usuario puede presentar un dise\u00f1o propio. Si la propuesta alcanza los 10.000 votos de la comunidad, LEGO somete el proyecto a un an\u00e1lisis de viabilidad t\u00e9cnica y comercial.<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"3,1,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"3,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Innovaci\u00f3n entrante (<em>inbound<\/em>)<\/b><\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"3,1,0\">La empresa utiliza el talento externo para identificar nichos de mercado y tendencias que sus dise\u00f1adores internos podr\u00edan haber pasado por alto. Esto reduce dr\u00e1sticamente el riesgo de mercado, ya que el producto llega a las tiendas con una demanda ya validada por la comunidad.<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"3,2,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"3,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Resultados en la gesti\u00f3n del conocimiento<\/b><\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"3,2,0\">Este modelo no solo genera productos exitosos (como sets basados en series de televisi\u00f3n o hitos cient\u00edficos), sino que crea un ecosistema de lealtad donde el consumidor deja de ser un agente pasivo para convertirse en un colaborador estrat\u00e9gico.<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"3,2,0\"><strong>Conclusiones\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"6\">Este ejemplo demuestra que la innovaci\u00f3n abierta permite a las organizaciones:<\/p>\n<ol start=\"1\" data-path-to-node=\"7\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"7,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"7,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Externalizar parte del riesgo<\/b> de I+D+i.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"7,1,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"7,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Captar tendencias<\/b> en tiempo real directamente de los usuarios finales.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"7,2,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"7,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Rentabilizar el talento global<\/b> sin necesidad de aumentar la estructura fija de la plantilla.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-4 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-top:20px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-8 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-7 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:36;line-height:1.5;\">Bibliograf\u00eda recomendada<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-13\"><h4 data-path-to-node=\"4\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Henry_Chesbrough_El_arquitecto_de_la_estrategia_corporativa\"><\/span>Henry Chesbrough: El arquitecto de la estrategia corporativa<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul data-path-to-node=\"5\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"5,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"5,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Obra clave:<\/b> <i data-path-to-node=\"5,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"12\">Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology<\/i> (2003).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"5,1,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"5,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Aporte principal:<\/b> Chesbrough define el \u00abembudo de innovaci\u00f3n\u00bb. Su tesis central es que las empresas no pueden permitirse que sus ideas mueran en un estante si no encajan en su modelo de negocio; deben dejarlas salir (flujo saliente) para que otros las desarrollen. Asimismo, explica que buscar soluciones fuera de la empresa no es una se\u00f1al de debilidad, sino de eficiencia estrat\u00e9gica para acelerar el ciclo de I+D+i.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 data-path-to-node=\"6\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Eric_von_Hippel_El_defensor_de_la_innovacion_de_usuario\"><\/span>2. Eric von Hippel: El defensor de la innovaci\u00f3n de usuario<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul data-path-to-node=\"7\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"7,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"7,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Obra clave:<\/b> <i data-path-to-node=\"7,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"12\">Democratizing Innovation<\/i> (2005).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"7,1,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"7,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Aporte principal:<\/b> Mientras Chesbrough se enfoca en c\u00f3mo la empresa gestiona el conocimiento, Von Hippel se centra en el origen de ese conocimiento: el <em>lead user\u00a0<\/em>(usuario l\u00edder). Seg\u00fan su investigaci\u00f3n, gran parte de las innovaciones radicales no provienen de los departamentos de marketing, sino de usuarios que modifican productos para satisfacer sus propias necesidades. Von Hippel argumenta que las organizaciones deben facilitar herramientas para que estos usuarios innoven, reduciendo as\u00ed la brecha entre el dise\u00f1o y la necesidad real.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-5 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-top:20px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-9 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-8 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:36;line-height:1.5;\">Recursos en l\u00ednea<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-content-boxes content-boxes columns row fusion-columns-1 fusion-columns-total-1 fusion-content-boxes-1 content-boxes-icon-with-title content-left\" style=\"--awb-hover-accent-color:#000000;--awb-circle-hover-accent-color:transparent;--awb-item-margin-bottom:40px;\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div style=\"--awb-backgroundcolor:#ffffff;\" class=\"fusion-column content-box-column content-box-column content-box-column-1 col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 fusion-content-box-hover content-box-column-last content-box-column-last-in-row\"><div class=\"col content-box-wrapper content-wrapper-background link-area-link-icon link-type-button-bar icon-hover-animation-fade\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div class=\"heading heading-with-icon icon-left\"><a class=\"heading-link\" style=\"float:left;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lego.com\/en-us\/history\/articles\/j-lego-ideas?locale=en-us\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><div class=\"icon\"><i style=\"background-color:transparent;border-color:transparent;height:auto;width: 21px;line-height:normal;font-size:21px;\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fontawesome-icon fa-external-link-alt fas circle-no\"><\/i><\/div><h4 class=\"content-box-heading fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"--h4_typography-font-size:20px;--fontSize:20;line-height:1.5;\">LEGO\u00ae Ideas<\/h4><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><div class=\"content-container\">\n<blockquote><p>From the early to mid-2000s the LEGO Group starts to move closer to its consumers and many new ways of communicating and engaging with fans are created. The company is intrigued by the innovation taking place among adult consumers and consequently engagement with fans in the development process start to occur. Fascinated by all the ideas spreading from the fan community the LEGO Group set out to establish more community-based innovation initiatives. A great example of this is LEGO\u00ae Ideas, launched in 2014.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><a class=\" fusion-read-more fusion-button-bar\" style=\"float:left;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lego.com\/en-us\/history\/articles\/j-lego-ideas?locale=en-us\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lego.com<\/a><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-6 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-top:20px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-10 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-9 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:36;line-height:1.5;\">Enlaces<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-11 fusion_builder_column_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:33.333333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.76%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div ><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat fusion-button-default-size button-default fusion-button-default button-1 fusion-button-span-yes fusion-button-default-type\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/haas.berkeley.edu\/faculty\/henry-chesbrough\/\"><i class=\"fa-globe fas awb-button__icon awb-button__icon--default button-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Henry Chesbrough (UC Berkeley)<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-12 fusion_builder_column_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:33.333333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.76%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-13 fusion_builder_column_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:33.333333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.76%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div ><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat fusion-button-default-size button-default fusion-button-default button-2 fusion-button-span-yes fusion-button-default-type\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/mitsloan.mit.edu\/faculty\/directory\/eric-arthur-von-hippel\"><i class=\"fa-globe fas awb-button__icon awb-button__icon--default button-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Eric Arthur von Hippel (MIT)<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-7 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-14 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:60px;width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-dotted\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;border-color:#000000;border-top-width:1px;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"ttr_end\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_vp_format_video_url":"","_vp_image_focal_point":[]},"glosario_categoria":[7247],"glosario_tag":[7053,7054,7055,7056,7057],"class_list":["post-58852","glosario","type-glosario","status-publish","hentry","glosario_categoria-innovacion","glosario_tag-gestion-de-la-innovacion","glosario_tag-innovacion","glosario_tag-innovacion-abierta","glosario_tag-innovacion-ciudadana","glosario_tag-modelos-de-innovacion"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/glosario\/58852","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/glosario"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/glosario"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=58852"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"glosario_categoria","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fglosario_categoria&post=58852"},{"taxonomy":"glosario_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fglosario_tag&post=58852"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}