{"id":58889,"date":"2025-10-28T16:10:28","date_gmt":"2025-10-28T15:10:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/glossary\/abduccion\/"},"modified":"2025-10-28T16:10:28","modified_gmt":"2025-10-28T15:10:28","slug":"abduccion","status":"publish","type":"glosario","link":"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/?glosario=abduccion","title":{"rendered":"abducci\u00f3n"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"ttr_start\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><p>En metodolog\u00eda de la investigaci\u00f3n, una forma de razonamiento l\u00f3gico que consiste en la formulaci\u00f3n de una hip\u00f3tesis o conjetura explicativa a partir de la observaci\u00f3n de un hecho o un conjunto de datos inesperados o sorprendentes.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\">\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-1 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:36;line-height:1.5;\">Descripci\u00f3n<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3\"><p>A diferencia de la deducci\u00f3n (que aplica una regla general a un caso para llegar a un resultado) y la [cm_tooltip_parse]inducci\u00f3n[\/cm_tooltip_parse] (que generaliza una regla a partir de varios casos y resultados), la abducci\u00f3n opera \u00abhacia atr\u00e1s\u00bb y se enfoca en el descubrimiento de ideas nuevas:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Generaci\u00f3n de hip\u00f3tesis:<\/b> Su funci\u00f3n principal es introducir una idea o teor\u00eda nueva que sirva para explicar una anomal\u00eda, un resultado o un fen\u00f3meno observado emp\u00edricamente.<\/li>\n<li><b>La \u00abmejor explicaci\u00f3n\u00bb:<\/b> Es una inferencia que propone la explicaci\u00f3n m\u00e1s plausible (aunque no necesariamente cierta) para un hecho.<\/li>\n<li><b>Proceso creativo:<\/b> Se considera la \u00fanica operaci\u00f3n l\u00f3gica que introduce una idea nueva en el conocimiento, siendo crucial en las etapas iniciales y creativas del m\u00e9todo cient\u00edfico.<\/li>\n<li><b>Analog\u00eda del detective:<\/b> Se le suele comparar con el razonamiento del detective (como Sherlock Holmes), quien, a partir de indicios (resultados), infiere la posible causa (hip\u00f3tesis).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>La abducci\u00f3n ofrece una explicaci\u00f3n tentativa que luego debe ser sometida a deducci\u00f3n (para predecir sus consecuencias) e inducci\u00f3n (para contrastarla y verificarla con nuevos datos) para confirmar si es la explicaci\u00f3n correcta:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>En la investigaci\u00f3n abductiva la formulaci\u00f3n del problema ser\u00e1 solo inicial y provisional, y la construcci\u00f3n final del objeto ser\u00e1 el resultado iterativo de diversas ideas y vueltas entre el trabajo de campo y este planteamiento inicial.<span id='easy-footnote-1-58889' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/?glosario=abduccion#easy-footnote-bottom-1-58889' title='Verd, J. y Lozares, C. (2016). &lt;i&gt;Introducci\u00f3n a la investigaci\u00f3n cualitativa: Fases, m\u00e9todos y t\u00e9cnicas&lt;\/i&gt;. Madrid: S\u00edntesis.'><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-4\"><h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Esquema_logico\"><\/span>Esquema l\u00f3gico<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>El fil\u00f3sofo Charles Sanders Peirce, quien desarroll\u00f3 este concepto, la esquematiza de la siguiente manera:<\/p>\n<ol start=\"1\">\n<li><b>Resultado inesperado:<\/b> Se observa un hecho sorprendente (<span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"A\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">A<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>).<\/li>\n<li><b>Regla (conocida o postulada):<\/b> Se postula una regla general (<span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"B\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">B<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>) que, de ser cierta, explicar\u00eda ese resultado (Si <span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"B\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">B<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, entonces <span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"A\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">A<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>).<\/li>\n<li><b>Hip\u00f3tesis\/caso:<\/b> Se concluye, de forma tentativa, que el caso observado es una instancia de esa regla (<span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"B\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">B<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> es el caso).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-3 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-top:20px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-2 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:36;line-height:1.5;\">Ejemplos<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:1px;--awb-icon-size:15px;--awb-content-font-size:20px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#f9f9f9;--awb-border-color:#cccccc;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#000000;--awb-divider-hover-color:#000000;--awb-icon-color:#ffffff;--awb-title-color:#af7baf;--awb-content-color:#747474;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#9b00af;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Roboto Condensed&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:regular;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:20px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-boxed\" id=\"accordion-58889-1\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-fc1f2d68125efc942 fusion-toggle-has-divider\" style=\"--awb-title-color:#af7baf;\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h3 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_fc1f2d68125efc942\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"fc1f2d68125efc942\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-58889-1\" data-target=\"#fc1f2d68125efc942\" href=\"#fc1f2d68125efc942\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Ejemplo cl\u00e1sico<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div><div id=\"fc1f2d68125efc942\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_fc1f2d68125efc942\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p><strong>Razonamiento abductivo<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Resultado (A): Estos frijoles son blancos.<\/li>\n<li>Regla (Si B, entonces A): Todos los frijoles del empaque X son blancos.<\/li>\n<li>Hip\u00f3tesis\/caso (B): (Conjeturo que) estos frijoles provienen del empaque <span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"X\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">X<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Razonamiento [cm_tooltip_parse]deductivo[\/cm_tooltip_parse]<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Regla general: \u00abTodos los frijoles del empaque X son blancos\u00bb.<\/li>\n<li>Caso: \u00abEstos frijoles provienen del empaque X\u00bb.<\/li>\n<li>Resultado: \u00abEstos frijoles son blancos\u00bb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Razonamiento [cm_tooltip_parse]inductivo[\/cm_tooltip_parse]<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Caso: \u00abEstos frijoles provienen del empaque X\u00bb.<\/li>\n<li>Resultado: \u00abEstos frijoles son blancos\u00bb.<\/li>\n<li>Regla general: \u00abTodos los frijoles del empaque X son blancos\u00bb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<dl>\n<dd><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-c0f4730762b7bec5d fusion-toggle-has-divider\" style=\"--awb-title-color:#af7baf;\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h3 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_c0f4730762b7bec5d\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"c0f4730762b7bec5d\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-58889-1\" data-target=\"#c0f4730762b7bec5d\" href=\"#c0f4730762b7bec5d\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">El comportamiento electoral<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div><div id=\"c0f4730762b7bec5d\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_c0f4730762b7bec5d\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>Imaginemos un <strong>estudio sobre la participaci\u00f3n electoral en una ciudad<\/strong> y el equipo de investigaci\u00f3n se encuentra con un resultado sorprendente.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Observacion_resultado_inesperado_%E2%80%93_A\"><\/span>1. Observaci\u00f3n (resultado inesperado &#8211; A)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>En un barrio de la ciudad con un alto nivel educativo y socioecon\u00f3mico (tradicionalmente asociado a alta participaci\u00f3n), se registra una tasa de abstenci\u00f3n significativamente m\u00e1s alta de lo esperado en las \u00faltimas elecciones.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Razonamiento_abductivo_formulacion_de_hipotesis\"><\/span>2. Razonamiento abductivo (formulaci\u00f3n de hip\u00f3tesis)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>El equipo de investigaci\u00f3n no puede explicar este fen\u00f3meno s\u00f3lo con los modelos deductivos o inductivos existentes, ya que contradice la regla general conocida (m\u00e1s educaci\u00f3n <span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"to\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mrel\">\u2192<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> m\u00e1s participaci\u00f3n). La abducci\u00f3n entra en juego para generar una nueva explicaci\u00f3n (una regla tentativa) para este caso:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Hecho (A):<\/b> Alta abstenci\u00f3n en el barrio <span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"X\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">X<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (alto nivel educativo).<\/li>\n<li><b>Regla general conocida:<\/b> Si la poblaci\u00f3n tiene alto nivel educativo, participa activamente.<\/li>\n<li><b>Desaf\u00edo:<\/b> La regla general no explica el <em>hecho A<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>El equipo investigador utiliza la abducci\u00f3n para buscar la mejor explicaci\u00f3n hipot\u00e9tica (<span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"B\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">B<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>).<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Elemento<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Razonamiento<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Conclusi\u00f3n abductiva (Hip\u00f3tesis B)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Hecho a explicar<\/b><\/td>\n<td>\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 hay alta abstenci\u00f3n en el barrio <span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"X\">X<\/span>?<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>B\u00fasqueda<\/b><\/td>\n<td>El equipo investigador considera factores no directamente relacionados con el nivel educativo, como el descontento c\u00edvico, la falta de opciones, etc.<\/td>\n<td><b>Hip\u00f3tesis (B):<\/b> La alta abstenci\u00f3n se debe a un sentimiento generalizado de desafecci\u00f3n pol\u00edtica y a la percepci\u00f3n de que \u00abning\u00fan candidato representa mis intereses\u00bb.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Funcion_y_siguientes_pasos\"><\/span>3. Funci\u00f3n y siguientes pasos<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>La abducci\u00f3n ha generado la <i>hip\u00f3tesis B<\/i> (\u00abdesafecci\u00f3n pol\u00edtica\u00bb), que es la explicaci\u00f3n m\u00e1s plausible para el resultado sorprendente (<span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"A\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">A<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>) y que no estaba contemplada en la teor\u00eda inicial.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Abducci\u00f3n:<\/b> Se formul\u00f3 la hip\u00f3tesis (<span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"B\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">B<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>).<\/li>\n<li><b>Deducci\u00f3n (siguiente Paso):<\/b> Ahora los investigadores deben deducir las consecuencias necesarias si la<em> hip\u00f3tesis B<\/em> fuera cierta.\n<ul>\n<li><i>Predicci\u00f3n:<\/i> Si hay desafecci\u00f3n (<span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"B\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">B<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>), se esperar\u00eda encontrar un alto \u00edndice de personas que, en encuestas posteriores, respondan que \u00abno conf\u00edan en los partidos\u00bb o que \u00ablas elecciones no cambian nada\u00bb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Inducci\u00f3n (verificaci\u00f3n final):<\/b> El equipo investigador debe dise\u00f1ar un nuevo estudio (por ejemplo, encuestas o entrevistas cualitativas) para contrastar y verificar si las predicciones deducidas (la falta de confianza) se cumplen realmente en el barrio <span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"X\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">X<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>De esta manera, la abducci\u00f3n es el <em>momento creativo<\/em> que permite el avance te\u00f3rico al sugerir una nueva causa para un efecto observado.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-4 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-3 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-3 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:36;line-height:1.5;\">Enlaces<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-4 fusion_builder_column_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:33.333333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.76%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-5 fusion_builder_column_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:33.333333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.76%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div ><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat fusion-button-default-size button-default fusion-button-default button-1 fusion-button-span-yes fusion-button-default-type\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles_Sanders_Peirce\"><i class=\"fa-wikipedia-w fab awb-button__icon awb-button__icon--default button-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Charles Sanders Peirce<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-6 fusion_builder_column_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:33.333333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.76%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"ttr_end\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_vp_format_video_url":"","_vp_image_focal_point":[]},"glosario_categoria":[7025],"glosario_tag":[7026,7117,7028,7029,7030],"class_list":["post-58889","glosario","type-glosario","status-publish","hentry","glosario_categoria-investigacion-analisis","glosario_tag-ciencias-sociales","glosario_tag-epistemologia","glosario_tag-investigacion-cientifica","glosario_tag-metodologia-de-investigacion","glosario_tag-metodos-cualitativos"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/glosario\/58889","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/glosario"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/glosario"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=58889"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"glosario_categoria","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fglosario_categoria&post=58889"},{"taxonomy":"glosario_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fglosario_tag&post=58889"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}