{"id":58935,"date":"2025-09-01T22:22:04","date_gmt":"2025-09-01T20:22:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/glossary\/economia-politica\/"},"modified":"2026-05-26T15:04:02","modified_gmt":"2026-05-26T13:04:02","slug":"economia-politica","status":"publish","type":"glosario","link":"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/?glosario=economia-politica","title":{"rendered":"econom\u00eda pol\u00edtica"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"ttr_start\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><p>Una rama de las ciencias sociales que estudia la relaci\u00f3n entre la econom\u00eda y el poder pol\u00edtico. Su objetivo es analizar c\u00f3mo las instituciones pol\u00edticas, las leyes, las estructuras sociales y las relaciones de poder influyen en la producci\u00f3n, distribuci\u00f3n y consumo de los recursos y, a la vez, c\u00f3mo la actividad econ\u00f3mica impacta en la organizaci\u00f3n y el funcionamiento de la sociedad y del Estado.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\">\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-1 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:36;line-height:1.5;\">Descripci\u00f3n<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3\"><p>En un sentido m\u00e1s cl\u00e1sico, el t\u00e9rmino designaba a la disciplina que hoy llamamos simplemente econom\u00eda. Autores como Adam Smith, David Ricardo o Karl Marx escribieron bajo el marco de la econom\u00eda pol\u00edtica, entendida como el estudio de la riqueza de las naciones, los mecanismos de mercado, el trabajo, el capital y las din\u00e1micas de clases.<\/p>\n<p>La econom\u00eda pol\u00edtica busca responder a preguntas como:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00bfQui\u00e9n se beneficia y qui\u00e9n pierde con una determinada pol\u00edtica econ\u00f3mica?<\/li>\n<li>\u00bfQu\u00e9 papel juegan el Estado y las instituciones en la organizaci\u00f3n de la econom\u00eda?<\/li>\n<li>\u00bfC\u00f3mo influyen los intereses y las relaciones de poder en la toma de decisiones econ\u00f3micas?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-4\"><p>Aunque a d\u00eda de hoy la econom\u00eda se ha especializado y matematizado, el concepto de econom\u00eda pol\u00edtica sigue vigente en campos como:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>econom\u00eda pol\u00edtica cl\u00e1sica<\/strong>: visi\u00f3n de los primeros economistas sobre la creaci\u00f3n y distribuci\u00f3n de la riqueza<\/li>\n<li><strong>econom\u00eda pol\u00edtica contempor\u00e1nea<\/strong>: an\u00e1lisis interdisciplinar que combina econom\u00eda, ciencia pol\u00edtica, sociolog\u00eda e historia<\/li>\n<li><strong>econom\u00eda pol\u00edtica internacional<\/strong>: estudio de c\u00f3mo interact\u00faan los Estados, los mercados globales y las instituciones internacionales<\/li>\n<li><strong>econom\u00eda pol\u00edtica cr\u00edtica<\/strong>: inspirada en Marx y otras corrientes, pone el foco en las desigualdades y el poder de clase.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-3 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-top:20px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-2 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:36;line-height:1.5;\">Ejemplos<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:1px;--awb-icon-size:15px;--awb-content-font-size:20px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#f9f9f9;--awb-border-color:#cccccc;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#000000;--awb-divider-hover-color:#000000;--awb-icon-color:#ffffff;--awb-title-color:#af7baf;--awb-content-color:#747474;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#9b00af;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Roboto Condensed&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:regular;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:20px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-boxed\" id=\"accordion-58935-1\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-bdd3fa1a9ff6c4bbe fusion-toggle-has-divider\" style=\"--awb-title-color:#af7baf;\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h3 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_bdd3fa1a9ff6c4bbe\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"bdd3fa1a9ff6c4bbe\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-58935-1\" data-target=\"#bdd3fa1a9ff6c4bbe\" href=\"#bdd3fa1a9ff6c4bbe\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Energia y transici\u00f3n ecol\u00f3gica<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div><div id=\"bdd3fa1a9ff6c4bbe\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_bdd3fa1a9ff6c4bbe\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>Una aplicaci\u00f3n bastante ilustrativa la podemos situar en el <strong>debate sobre energ\u00eda y transici\u00f3n ecol\u00f3gica<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>La econom\u00eda pol\u00edtica aqu\u00ed no se limita a analizar costos, eficiencia o precios de la energ\u00eda (lo que har\u00eda un enfoque puramente t\u00e9cnico o econ\u00f3mico), sino que observa c\u00f3mo los intereses pol\u00edticos, sociales y econ\u00f3micos se cruzan en este proceso.<\/p>\n<p>Actores e intereses que intervienen en el debate:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Gobiernos:<\/strong> deben dise\u00f1ar pol\u00edticas de transici\u00f3n (subsidios, impuestos al carbono, regulaci\u00f3n de energ\u00edas f\u00f3siles).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Empresas energ\u00e9ticas<\/strong>: algunas invierten en renovables (y en no pocos casos se les acusa de aplicar una estrategia de <em>greenwashing<\/em>), pero otras defienden sus intereses en petr\u00f3leo, gas o carb\u00f3n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ciudadan\u00eda:<\/strong> se preocupa tanto por la sostenibilidad ambiental como por el costo de la energ\u00eda en el hogar.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Organismos internacionales<\/strong>: promueven acuerdos (como el Acuerdo de Par\u00eds) que influyen en la pol\u00edtica energ\u00e9tica nacional.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Desde la econom\u00eda pol\u00edtica se plantear\u00e1n cuestiones como:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 algunos pa\u00edses impulsan m\u00e1s r\u00e1pido la energ\u00eda solar y e\u00f3lica, mientras otros retrasan la transici\u00f3n?<br \/>\n\u2192La respuesta no es solo econ\u00f3mica (recursos naturales disponibles), sino tambi\u00e9n pol\u00edtica (presi\u00f3n de lobbies, dependencia de combustibles f\u00f3siles, estrategia geopol\u00edtica).<\/li>\n<li>\u00bfQui\u00e9n paga la transici\u00f3n ecol\u00f3gica?<br \/>\n\u2192Aqu\u00ed se analiza la distribuci\u00f3n de costos y beneficios: \u00bflos pagan los consumidores v\u00eda tarifas m\u00e1s altas, el Estado mediante subsidios financiados con impuestos o las empresas contaminantes a trav\u00e9s de impuestos verdes?<\/li>\n<li>\u00bfQu\u00e9 papel juegan las relaciones internacionales?<br \/>\n\u2192La dependencia de gas ruso en Europa, por ejemplo, muestra que la transici\u00f3n no es s\u00f3lo ambiental, sino tambi\u00e9n un asunto de seguridad energ\u00e9tica y de poder geopol\u00edtico.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>En resumen, desde la \u00f3ptica de la econom\u00eda pol\u00edtica, el debate sobre la energ\u00eda y la transici\u00f3n ecol\u00f3gica no puede entenderse \u00fanicamente como una cuesti\u00f3n t\u00e9cnica de cambiar combustibles por renovables:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Es una arena de conflicto de intereses entre empresas, Estados y ciudadan\u00eda.<\/li>\n<li>Involucra decisiones pol\u00edticas sobre a qui\u00e9n favorecer o perjudicar.<\/li>\n<li>Tiene un fuerte componente de geopol\u00edtica global.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-4 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-top:20px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-3 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-3 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:36;line-height:1.5;\">Recursos adicionales<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-content-boxes content-boxes columns row fusion-columns-1 fusion-columns-total-1 fusion-content-boxes-1 content-boxes-icon-with-title content-left\" style=\"--awb-hover-accent-color:#000000;--awb-circle-hover-accent-color:transparent;--awb-item-margin-bottom:40px;\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div style=\"--awb-backgroundcolor:#ffffff;\" class=\"fusion-column content-box-column content-box-column content-box-column-1 col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 fusion-content-box-hover content-box-column-last content-box-column-last-in-row\"><div class=\"col content-box-wrapper content-wrapper-background link-area-link-icon link-type-button-bar icon-hover-animation-fade\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div class=\"heading heading-with-icon icon-left\"><a class=\"heading-link\" style=\"float:left;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.v-dem.net\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><div class=\"icon\"><i style=\"background-color:transparent;border-color:transparent;height:auto;width: 21px;line-height:normal;font-size:21px;\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fontawesome-icon fa-table fas circle-no\"><\/i><\/div><h4 class=\"content-box-heading fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"--h4_typography-font-size:20px;--fontSize:20;line-height:1.5;\">V-Dem<\/h4><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><div class=\"content-container\">\n<div class=\"container\">\n<div id=\"model-response-message-contentr_73b7a91aaec91864\" class=\"markdown markdown-main-panel stronger enable-updated-hr-color\" dir=\"ltr\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-busy=\"false\">\n<p id=\"p-rc_1435d217f379ee21-19\" data-path-to-node=\"0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\"><span class=\"citation-21\">V-Dem<\/span><\/b><span class=\"citation-21\"> (abreviatura de <\/span><b data-path-to-node=\"0\" data-index-in-node=\"22\"><span class=\"citation-21\">Varieties of Democracy<\/span><\/b><span class=\"citation-21 citation-end-21\">) es uno de los proyectos de investigaci\u00f3n m\u00e1s grandes y prestigiosos del mundo dedicados a conceptualizar y medir la calidad de la democracia.<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"p-rc_1435d217f379ee21-20\" data-path-to-node=\"1\"><span class=\"citation-20\">Tiene su sede en el <\/span><span class=\"citation-20\">Instituto V-Dem<\/span><span class=\"citation-20\">, ubicado en el Departamento de Ciencia Pol\u00edtica de la <\/span><span class=\"citation-20\">Universidad de Gotemburgo (Suecia)<\/span><span class=\"citation-20 citation-end-20\">, y fue fundado en 2014 por el profesor Staffan I.<\/span> Lindberg.<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"1\">Estas son sus l\u00edneas de trabajo:<\/p>\n<ul data-path-to-node=\"7\">\n<li>\n<p id=\"p-rc_1435d217f379ee21-24\" data-path-to-node=\"7,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"7,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Producci\u00f3n de datos masivos:<\/b><span class=\"citation-15 citation-end-15\"> Gestiona la base de datos m\u00e1s grande sobre democracia a nivel mundial. <\/span><span class=\"citation-14\">Actualmente mide m\u00e1s de <\/span><span class=\"citation-14\">600 indicadores<\/span><span class=\"citation-14 citation-end-14\"> diferentes para 202 pa\u00edses desde 1789 hasta el presente.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p id=\"p-rc_1435d217f379ee21-25\" data-path-to-node=\"7,1,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"7,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\"><span class=\"citation-13\">Recolecci\u00f3n basada en expertos:<\/span><\/b><span class=\"citation-13\"> Para obtener su informaci\u00f3n, colabora con una red global de m\u00e1s de <\/span><span class=\"citation-13\">4.200 acad\u00e9micos y expertos locales, <\/span><span class=\"citation-13 citation-end-13\">que eval\u00faan la situaci\u00f3n de sus respectivos pa\u00edses bajo una metodolog\u00eda cient\u00edfica rigurosa.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"7,2,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"7,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">El \u00abDemocracy Report\u00bb (informe anual):<\/b> Cada a\u00f1o publica un informe global que analiza las tendencias de democratizaci\u00f3n y <em>autocratizaci\u00f3n<\/em> en el mundo. Sus hallazgos suelen ser noticia internacional por alertar sobre el retroceso democr\u00e1tico en diversas regiones.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"7,3,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"7,3,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Herramientas de an\u00e1lisis online:<\/b> En su sitio web ofrecen herramientas gratuitas para que cualquier persona pueda generar gr\u00e1ficos, mapas y comparar la evoluci\u00f3n pol\u00edtica de distintos pa\u00edses a lo largo del tiempo.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p id=\"p-rc_1435d217f379ee21-26\" data-path-to-node=\"7,4,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"7,4,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Asesoramiento pol\u00edtico:<\/b><span class=\"citation-12 citation-end-12\"> Sus datos son utilizados por organismos internacionales (como el Banco Mundial o la ONU), gobiernos y ONGs para dise\u00f1ar pol\u00edticas p\u00fablicas y evaluar riesgos pol\u00edticos.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"source-inline-chip-container ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><a class=\" fusion-read-more fusion-button-bar\" style=\"float:left;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.v-dem.net\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">V-Dem.net<\/a><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-5 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-4 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-4 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:36;line-height:1.5;\">Enlaces<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-5 fusion_builder_column_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:33.333333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.76%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div ><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat fusion-button-default-size button-default fusion-button-default button-1 fusion-button-span-yes fusion-button-default-type\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Adam_Smith\"><i class=\"fa-wikipedia-w fab awb-button__icon awb-button__icon--default button-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Adam Smith<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-6 fusion_builder_column_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:33.333333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.76%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div ><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat fusion-button-default-size button-default fusion-button-default button-2 fusion-button-span-yes fusion-button-default-type\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/David_Ricardo\"><i class=\"fa-wikipedia-w fab awb-button__icon awb-button__icon--default button-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">David Ricardo<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-7 fusion_builder_column_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:33.333333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.76%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div ><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat fusion-button-default-size button-default fusion-button-default button-3 fusion-button-span-yes fusion-button-default-type\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Karl_Marx\"><i class=\"fa-wikipedia-w fab awb-button__icon awb-button__icon--default button-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Karl Marx<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"ttr_end\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_vp_format_video_url":"","_vp_image_focal_point":[]},"glosario_categoria":[7025],"glosario_tag":[7045,7141,7125,7026,7086,7142,7094],"class_list":["post-58935","glosario","type-glosario","status-publish","hentry","glosario_categoria-investigacion-analisis","glosario_tag-analisis-economico","glosario_tag-analisis-politico","glosario_tag-ciencia-politica","glosario_tag-ciencias-sociales","glosario_tag-economia","glosario_tag-historia","glosario_tag-sociologia"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/glosario\/58935","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/glosario"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/glosario"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=58935"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"glosario_categoria","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fglosario_categoria&post=58935"},{"taxonomy":"glosario_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fglosario_tag&post=58935"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}