{"id":58942,"date":"2025-08-04T21:57:30","date_gmt":"2025-08-04T19:57:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/glossary\/capitalismo\/"},"modified":"2026-05-26T15:04:11","modified_gmt":"2026-05-26T13:04:11","slug":"capitalismo","status":"publish","type":"glosario","link":"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/?glosario=capitalismo","title":{"rendered":"capitalismo"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"ttr_start\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><p>Un sistema econ\u00f3mico y pol\u00edtico basado en la propiedad privada de los medios de producci\u00f3n y en la asignaci\u00f3n de recursos a trav\u00e9s del mercado, es decir, mediante la libre interacci\u00f3n de la oferta y la demanda.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\">\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-1 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:36;line-height:1.5;\">Descripci\u00f3n<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3\"><p>El capitalismo es un sistema econ\u00f3mico basado en la propiedad privada, la libre empresa y el mercado competitivo, con un enfoque en la acumulaci\u00f3n de capital y la b\u00fasqueda de beneficios, que tiene implicaciones tanto econ\u00f3micas como pol\u00edticas.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-3 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-2 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:36;line-height:1.5;\">Enfoque econ\u00f3mico<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-4\"><p>La idea central del enfoque econ\u00f3mico del capitalismo es que la eficiencia econ\u00f3mica y el crecimiento se logran mejor cuando las fuerzas del mercado tienen libertad de acci\u00f3n con m\u00ednima intervenci\u00f3n estatal.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>Entendemos por <em>capitalismo<\/em> el sistema econ\u00f3mico y social que organiza la producci\u00f3n, la distribuci\u00f3n, el cambio y el consumo en el mercado y que tiene un objetivo prioritario o, mejor dicho, una ley fundamental: la maximizaci\u00f3n del beneficio, necesaria para el  del capital.<span id='easy-footnote-1-58942' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/?glosario=capitalismo#easy-footnote-bottom-1-58942' title='Jordi Vilaseca i Requena y Joan Torrent i Sellens, &lt;em&gt;Principis d&amp;#8217;economia del coneixement: Cap a una economia global del coneixement&lt;\/em&gt;. Barcelona: Editorial UOC, 2014, p. 25.'><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Desde una perspectiva econ\u00f3mica, el capitalismo se entiende como un sistema donde concurren los siguientes factores:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Los recursos econ\u00f3micos (tierra, trabajo, capital y empresa) son en su mayor\u00eda propiedad de individuos o empresas privadas, no del Estado.<\/li>\n<li>Las decisiones sobre producci\u00f3n, inversi\u00f3n y precios son determinadas por el mercado, a trav\u00e9s de la libre competencia y la b\u00fasqueda del beneficio.<\/li>\n<li>La acumulaci\u00f3n de capital y la ganancia son motores clave de la actividad econ\u00f3mica.<\/li>\n<li>Existe un sistema de trabajo asalariado, donde la mayor\u00eda de las personas venden su fuerza de trabajo a cambio de un salario.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-4 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-3 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-3 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:36;line-height:1.5;\">Perspectiva de la ciencia pol\u00edtica<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-5\"><p>Desde la ciencia pol\u00edtica el capitalismo se asocia con los siguientes aspectos:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Libertad individual, incluyendo derechos de propiedad, iniciativa privada y libertad de empresa.<\/li>\n<li>Un marco institucional que protege el derecho a la propiedad privada, la contrataci\u00f3n libre y el estado de derecho.<\/li>\n<li>Un papel limitado del Estado en la econom\u00eda, aunque puede intervenir para regular, redistribuir o corregir fallos de mercado (dependiendo del modelo de capitalismo que se aplique).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>La teor\u00eda pol\u00edtica cr\u00edtica (como el marxismo, por ejemplo) tiene en consideraci\u00f3n los mismos factores antes indicados, pero su an\u00e1lisis describe el capitalismo como un sistema basado en la explotaci\u00f3n del trabajo, puesto que la plusval\u00eda generada por los trabajadores es apropiada por los due\u00f1os del capital.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-5 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-4 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-4 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:36;line-height:1.5;\">Notas y referencias<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"ttr_end\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_vp_format_video_url":"","_vp_image_focal_point":[]},"glosario_categoria":[7025],"glosario_tag":[7098,7125,6994],"class_list":["post-58942","glosario","type-glosario","status-publish","hentry","glosario_categoria-investigacion-analisis","glosario_tag-capitalismo","glosario_tag-ciencia-politica","glosario_tag-teoria-economica"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/glosario\/58942","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/glosario"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/glosario"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=58942"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"glosario_categoria","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fglosario_categoria&post=58942"},{"taxonomy":"glosario_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fglosario_tag&post=58942"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}