{"id":59396,"date":"2020-10-04T17:51:06","date_gmt":"2020-10-04T15:51:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/glossary\/ciencia-de-datos\/"},"modified":"2020-10-04T17:51:06","modified_gmt":"2020-10-04T15:51:06","slug":"ciencia-de-datos","status":"publish","type":"glosario","link":"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/?glosario=ciencia-de-datos","title":{"rendered":"ciencia de datos"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"ttr_start\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><p>Campo interdisciplinario que estudia, desarrolla y aplica m\u00e9todos y sistemas cient\u00edficos para obtener conocimiento a partir de una gran colecci\u00f3n de datos.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\">\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-1 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:36;line-height:1.5;\">Descripci\u00f3n<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3\"><p data-path-to-node=\"0\">La ciencia de datos es, en esencia, el arte y la t\u00e9cnica de extraer conocimientos valiosos a partir de un mar de datos. Su objetivo no es solo recolectar informaci\u00f3n, sino entender qu\u00e9 historia nos est\u00e1 contando esa informaci\u00f3n y qu\u00e9 pasar\u00e1 despu\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-2 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:24;--minFontSize:24;line-height:1.5;\">Los tres pilares<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-4\"><p data-path-to-node=\"4\">La ciencia de datos es un campo interdisciplinario, situado en la intersecci\u00f3n de:<\/p>\n<ul data-path-to-node=\"5\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"5,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"5,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Matem\u00e1ticas y estad\u00edstica:<\/b> Para validar patrones y crear modelos predictivos que no sean fruto del azar.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"5,1,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"5,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">La inform\u00e1tica:<\/b> Para programar algoritmos y manejar grandes vol\u00famenes de datos (<em>big data<\/em>) que una hoja de Excel normal no podr\u00eda procesar.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"5,2,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"5,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Conocimiento del dominio (negocio o disciplina):<\/b> Nada de lo anterior sirve si no entendemos el problema que intentamos resolver, por lo cual hace falta un dominio del campo respectivo; por ejemplo, medicina, finanzas o deportes.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-3 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-3 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:24;--minFontSize:24;line-height:1.5;\">El ciclo de vida<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-5\"><p data-path-to-node=\"8\">Una cient\u00edfica de datos no salta directamente a las conclusiones. Sigue un proceso estructurado:<\/p>\n<ol start=\"1\" data-path-to-node=\"9\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"9,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"9,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Captura:<\/b> Recolecci\u00f3n de datos crudos a partir de bases de datos, redes sociales o sensores.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"9,1,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"9,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Preparaci\u00f3n (limpieza):<\/b> Esta es la parte m\u00e1s larga. Consiste en corregir errores, rellenar huecos y poner los datos en un formato legible.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"9,2,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"9,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">An\u00e1lisis exploratorio:<\/b> Se trata de ver qu\u00e9 hay ah\u00ed. Se usan gr\u00e1ficos para detectar tendencias o anomal\u00edas iniciales.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"9,3,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"9,3,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Modelado:<\/b> Aqu\u00ed entra en juego el <em>machine learning<\/em>. Se entrenan algoritmos para que aprendan de los datos.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"9,4,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"9,4,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Interpretaci\u00f3n:<\/b> El objetivo es traducir los resultados t\u00e9cnicos en decisiones de negocio. Por ejemplo: \u00abSi bajamos el precio un 5%, las ventas subir\u00e1n un 12%\u00bb.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-4 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-4 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:24;--minFontSize:24;line-height:1.5;\">Herramientas digitales<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-6\"><p data-path-to-node=\"0\">Para trabajar en ciencia de datos, no basta con una sola herramienta omnipotente, sino que necesitamos un ecosistema de tecnolog\u00edas que se conectan entre s\u00ed. Dependiendo de la etapa del proyecto (limpiar datos, crear modelos o presentar resultados), usaremos herramientas distintas.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-7\"><h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lenguajes_de_programacion\"><\/span>Lenguajes de programaci\u00f3n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Los lenguajes de programaci\u00f3n son el idioma en el que \u00abhablamos\u00bb\u00a0con los datos para darles \u00f3rdenes complejas.<\/p>\n<ul data-path-to-node=\"5\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"5,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"5,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Python:<\/b> Es el rey indiscutible, adorado por su sencillez y su ecosistema de librer\u00edas (paquetes de c\u00f3digo ya listo) como <a href=\"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/biblioteca-4\/pandas\/\"><b data-path-to-node=\"5,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"119\">Pandas<\/b><\/a> (para tablas), <b data-path-to-node=\"5,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"141\">NumPy<\/b> (matem\u00e1ticas) o <a href=\"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/biblioteca-4\/scikit-learn\/\"><b data-path-to-node=\"5,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"163\">Scikit-learn<\/b><\/a> (<em>machine learning)<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"5,1,0\"><strong>R<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/biblioteca-4\/r\/\"><b data-path-to-node=\"5,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">:<\/b><\/a> Muy popular en el mundo acad\u00e9mico y estad\u00edstico. Si necesitamos hacer un an\u00e1lisis estad\u00edstico extremadamente riguroso o visualizaciones de alta calidad t\u00e9cnica, R es la opci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"5,2,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"5,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">SQL (Structured Query Language):<\/b> No es un lenguaje para crear modelos, sino para hablar con las bases de datos. Es indispensable para extraer la informaci\u00f3n que luego procesaremos con Python o R.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"5,3,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"5,3,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Julia:<\/b> Est\u00e1 ganando terreno para tareas de computaci\u00f3n cient\u00edfica que requieren una velocidad similar a <strong>C++<\/strong> pero con la facilidad de Python.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-8\"><h4 data-path-to-node=\"7\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bases_de_datos_y_almacenamiento\"><\/span>Bases de datos y almacenamiento<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"8\">Las bases de datos son el sitio donde viven los datos antes de ser analizados.<\/p>\n<ul data-path-to-node=\"9\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"9,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"9,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Bases de datos relacionales (SQL):<\/b> Como <b data-path-to-node=\"9,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"25\">PostgreSQL<\/b> o <a href=\"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/biblioteca-4\/mysql\/\"><b data-path-to-node=\"9,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"38\">MySQL<\/b><\/a>. Organizan los datos en tablas (filas y columnas) y son ideales para datos estructurados.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"9,1,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"9,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">NoSQL:<\/b> Como <a href=\"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/biblioteca-4\/mongodb\/\"><b data-path-to-node=\"9,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"12\">MongoDB<\/b><\/a>. Se usan cuando los datos no tienen una estructura fija (como publicaciones de redes sociales o documentos).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"9,2,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"9,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Data warehouses en la nube:<\/b> Herramientas como <b data-path-to-node=\"9,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"46\">Snowflake<\/b>, <b data-path-to-node=\"9,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"57\">Google BigQuery<\/b> o <b data-path-to-node=\"9,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"75\">Amazon Redshift<\/b> permiten procesar petabytes de datos en segundos gracias al poder de la nube.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-9\"><h4 data-path-to-node=\"11\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Visualizacion_e_inteligencia_de_negocios\"><\/span>Visualizaci\u00f3n e inteligencia de negocios<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"12\">De nada sirve un an\u00e1lisis si nadie lo entiende. Las herramientas de visualizaci\u00f3n de informaci\u00f3n o de <em>business intelligence<\/em> (BI) convierten n\u00fameros en historias visuales.<\/p>\n<ul data-path-to-node=\"13\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"13,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"13,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/biblioteca-4\/tableau\/\">Tableau<\/a>:<\/b> Muy potente para crear tableros interactivos complejos y \u00abjugar\u00bb con los datos de forma visual.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"13,1,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"13,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/biblioteca-4\/power-bi\/\">Power BI<\/a>:<\/b> La opci\u00f3n preferida en entornos corporativos por su integraci\u00f3n nativa con el ecosistema de Microsoft (Excel, Azure).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"13,2,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"13,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Las librer\u00edas de c\u00f3digo:<\/b> Si buscamos un control total, probablemente nos decantaremos por <b data-path-to-node=\"13,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"54\">Matplotlib<\/b>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/biblioteca-4\/seaborn\/\"><b data-path-to-node=\"13,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"66\">Seaborn<\/b><\/a> o <b data-path-to-node=\"13,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"76\">Plotly<\/b> (dentro de Python) para crear gr\u00e1ficos personalizados.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-10\"><h4 data-path-to-node=\"15\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Plataformas_de_trabajo_y_big_data\"><\/span>Plataformas de trabajo y big data<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul data-path-to-node=\"16\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"16,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"16,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/biblioteca-4\/jupyter-notebook\/\">Jupyter Notebook<\/a>:<\/b> Es el \u00abcuaderno\u00bb digital donde los cient\u00edficos de datos escriben c\u00f3digo, ven los gr\u00e1ficos y a\u00f1aden explicaciones en un solo lugar.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"16,1,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"16,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/biblioteca-4\/apache-spark\/\">Apache Spark<\/a>:<\/b> Cuando los datos son tan grandes que no caben en un solo ordenador, Spark permite procesarlos en \u00abenjambres\u00bb de servidores que trabajan en paralelo.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"16,2,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"16,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/biblioteca-4\/github\/\">GitHub<\/a>:<\/b> Esencial para el control de versiones; permite que varios cient\u00edficos trabajen en el mismo c\u00f3digo sin borrarse el trabajo unos a otros.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-11\"><h4 data-path-to-node=\"18\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Inteligencia_artificial_generativa\"><\/span>Inteligencia artificial generativa<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"19\">A d\u00eda de hoy, herramientas de IA generativa como <a href=\"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/biblioteca-4\/chatgpt\/\"><b data-path-to-node=\"19\" data-index-in-node=\"27\">ChatGPT<\/b><\/a> o <a href=\"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/biblioteca-4\/gemini\/\"><b data-path-to-node=\"19\" data-index-in-node=\"46\">Gemini<\/b><\/a> est\u00e1n completamente integradas en el flujo de trabajo.<\/p>\n<ul data-path-to-node=\"20\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"20,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"20,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Los copilotos de c\u00f3digo:<\/b> Ayudan a escribir <em>scripts<\/em> de Python o R m\u00e1s r\u00e1pido.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"20,1,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"20,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">El an\u00e1lisis conversacional:<\/b> Permite preguntar a los datos en lenguaje natural (\u00ab\u00bfCu\u00e1l fue el producto m\u00e1s vendido en diciembre?\u00bb) y obtener una respuesta inmediata.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-3 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-top:20px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-5 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-5 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:36;line-height:1.5;\">Ejemplos<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-12\"><p data-path-to-node=\"12\">Probablemente interactuamos con la ciencia de datos decenas de veces al d\u00eda sin ser conscientes de ello. Aqu\u00ed van algunos ejemplos de su aplicaci\u00f3n en actividades bastante cotidianas.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:1px;--awb-icon-size:15px;--awb-content-font-size:20px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#f9f9f9;--awb-border-color:#cccccc;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#000000;--awb-divider-hover-color:#000000;--awb-icon-color:#ffffff;--awb-title-color:#af7baf;--awb-content-color:#747474;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#9b00af;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Roboto Condensed&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:regular;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:20px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-boxed\" id=\"accordion-59396-1\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-7a2c048602b9238d6 fusion-toggle-has-divider\" style=\"--awb-title-color:#af7baf;\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h3 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_7a2c048602b9238d6\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"7a2c048602b9238d6\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-59396-1\" data-target=\"#7a2c048602b9238d6\" href=\"#7a2c048602b9238d6\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Recomendaciones en plataformas<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div><div id=\"7a2c048602b9238d6\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_7a2c048602b9238d6\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p><strong>Netflix<\/strong> o <strong>Spotify<\/strong> saben qu\u00e9 me gusta porque analizan mis h\u00e1bitos, compar\u00e1ndolos con los de millones de otros usuarios.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-9b3961d6e179a5559 fusion-toggle-has-divider\" style=\"--awb-title-color:#af7baf;\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h3 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_9b3961d6e179a5559\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"9b3961d6e179a5559\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-59396-1\" data-target=\"#9b3961d6e179a5559\" href=\"#9b3961d6e179a5559\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Detecci\u00f3n de fraude<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div><div id=\"9b3961d6e179a5559\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_9b3961d6e179a5559\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>Tu banco detecta en milisegundos si una compra en otro pa\u00eds es leg\u00edtima o se trata de un robo.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-1adc11b704286ddb8 fusion-toggle-has-divider\" style=\"--awb-title-color:#af7baf;\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h3 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_1adc11b704286ddb8\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"1adc11b704286ddb8\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-59396-1\" data-target=\"#1adc11b704286ddb8\" href=\"#1adc11b704286ddb8\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Salud<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div><div id=\"1adc11b704286ddb8\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_1adc11b704286ddb8\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p data-path-to-node=\"13,2,0\">Complejos algoritmos est\u00e1n dedicados a analizar radiograf\u00edas para detectar enfermedades con mayor precisi\u00f3n que el ojo humano.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-d0f53a95be1bbabb4 fusion-toggle-has-divider\" style=\"--awb-title-color:#af7baf;\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h3 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_d0f53a95be1bbabb4\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"d0f53a95be1bbabb4\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-59396-1\" data-target=\"#d0f53a95be1bbabb4\" href=\"#d0f53a95be1bbabb4\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Rutas de transporte<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div><div id=\"d0f53a95be1bbabb4\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_d0f53a95be1bbabb4\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p><strong>Google Maps<\/strong> y otros sistemas de geolocalizaci\u00f3n predicen el tr\u00e1fico analizando la velocidad de miles de tel\u00e9fonos en tiempo real.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-4 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-top:20px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-6 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-6 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:36;line-height:1.5;\">Bibliograf\u00eda recomendada<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-13\"><p>Bruce, Peter; Bruce, Andrew y Gedeck, Peter (2022). <em>Estad\u00edstica pr\u00e1ctica para ciencia de datos con R y Python<\/em>. Marcombo.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-5 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-top:20px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-7 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-7 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:36;line-height:1.5;\">Recursos en l\u00ednea<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-content-boxes content-boxes columns row fusion-columns-1 fusion-columns-total-1 fusion-content-boxes-1 content-boxes-icon-with-title content-left\" style=\"--awb-hover-accent-color:#000000;--awb-circle-hover-accent-color:transparent;--awb-item-margin-bottom:40px;\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div style=\"--awb-backgroundcolor:#ffffff;\" class=\"fusion-column content-box-column content-box-column content-box-column-1 col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 fusion-content-box-hover content-box-column-last content-box-column-last-in-row\"><div class=\"col content-box-wrapper content-wrapper-background link-area-link-icon link-type-button-bar icon-hover-animation-fade\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div class=\"heading heading-with-icon icon-left\"><a class=\"heading-link\" style=\"float:left;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.w3schools.com\/datascience\/default.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><div class=\"icon\"><i style=\"background-color:transparent;border-color:transparent;height:auto;width: 21px;line-height:normal;font-size:21px;\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fontawesome-icon fa-chalkboard fas circle-no\"><\/i><\/div><h4 class=\"content-box-heading fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"--h4_typography-font-size:20px;--fontSize:20;line-height:1.5;\">Data Science Tutorial<\/h4><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><div class=\"content-container\">\n<p>En este curso online de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/biblioteca-4\/w3schools\/\"><strong>W3Schools<\/strong><\/a> podemos aprender los fundamentos de la ciencia de datos y tambi\u00e9n el uso de herramientas espec\u00edficas, como lenguajes de programaci\u00f3n, hojas de c\u00e1lculo, inteligencia artificial o bases de datos, por ejemplo.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><a class=\" fusion-read-more fusion-button-bar\" style=\"float:left;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.w3schools.com\/datascience\/default.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">w3schools.com<\/a><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-6 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-8 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:60px;width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-dotted\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;border-color:#000000;border-top-width:1px;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"ttr_end\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_vp_format_video_url":"","_vp_image_focal_point":[]},"glosario_categoria":[],"glosario_tag":[7019,7104,7033,7097,7034,7082,7164,7099,7020,7014,7100],"class_list":["post-59396","glosario","type-glosario","status-publish","hentry","glosario_tag-analisis-visualizacion-datos","glosario_tag-ciencia-de-datos","glosario_tag-ciencias-de-la-informacion","glosario_tag-digitalizacion","glosario_tag-economia-del-conocimiento","glosario_tag-economia-digital","glosario_tag-empresa-digital","glosario_tag-estadistica","glosario_tag-gestion-de-informacion","glosario_tag-informatica","glosario_tag-metodos-cuantitativos"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/glosario\/59396","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/glosario"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/glosario"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=59396"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"glosario_categoria","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fglosario_categoria&post=59396"},{"taxonomy":"glosario_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fglosario_tag&post=59396"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}