{"id":59422,"date":"2020-09-08T22:55:18","date_gmt":"2020-09-08T20:55:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/glossary\/chain-link-model\/"},"modified":"2026-05-26T15:27:28","modified_gmt":"2026-05-26T13:27:28","slug":"chain-link-model","status":"publish","type":"glosario","link":"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/?glosario=chain-link-model","title":{"rendered":"chain link model"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"ttr_start\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><p>Modelo te\u00f3rico que explica que el punto de partida de la innovaci\u00f3n est\u00e1 en la identificaci\u00f3n de una necesidad insatisfecha del mercado.\u00a0Este enfoque se opone a perspectivas mas tradicionales de acuerdo con las cuales la innovaci\u00f3n surg\u00eda siempre de un nuevo conocimiento.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\">\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-1 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:36;line-height:1.5;\">Descripci\u00f3n<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3\"><p>El modelo <em>chain link<\/em> lo formul\u00f3 originalmente el ingeniero mec\u00e1nico\u00a0Stephen J. Kline, quien junto al economista Nathan Rosenberg public\u00f3 en 1986 el trabajo que mejor lo explica: <em>An overview of innovation<\/em>.<span id='easy-footnote-1-59422' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/?glosario=chain-link-model#easy-footnote-bottom-1-59422' title='Kline, S. J. &amp;amp; Rosenberg, N. (1986). &lt;em&gt;An overview of innovation. &lt;\/em&gt;En R. Landau y N. Rosenberg (eds.), &lt;em&gt;The Positive Sum Strategy: Harnessing Technology for Economic Growth.&lt;\/em&gt; Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, pp. 275-305.'><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Su principal objetivo era desacreditar el antiguo \u00abmodelo lineal\u00bb, que suger\u00eda que la innovaci\u00f3n siempre empezaba en un laboratorio (investigaci\u00f3n b\u00e1sica) y terminaba en el mercado de forma secuencial. Kline y Rosenberg demostraron que la innovaci\u00f3n es mucho m\u00e1s compleja, ca\u00f3tica y llena de idas y vueltas.<\/p>\n<p>Eric von Hippel alude a este concepto como parte de su teor\u00eda de innovaci\u00f3n de usuario o <em>free innovation<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-2 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:24;--minFontSize:24;line-height:1.5;\">Los 5 caminos<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-4\"><p data-path-to-node=\"4\">El modelo se visualiza como un conjunto de engranajes y conexiones (eslabones) que interact\u00faan a trav\u00e9s de cinco trayectorias principales.<\/p>\n<h4 data-path-to-node=\"5\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_La_cadena_central_central_chain\"><\/span>1. <span class=\"citation-20 citation-end-20\">La cadena central <em>(central chain)<\/em><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"6\"><span class=\"citation-19 citation-end-19\">Es el camino principal de la innovaci\u00f3n.<\/span> <span class=\"citation-18\">A diferencia del modelo lineal, este suele empezar con la <\/span><span class=\"citation-18\">identificaci\u00f3n de una necesidad en el mercado<\/span><span class=\"citation-18 citation-end-18\">, no con un descubrimiento cient\u00edfico.<\/span><\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"7,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"7,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\"><span class=\"citation-17\">Pasos:<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"7,0,0\"><span class=\"citation-17 citation-end-17\">Mercado potencial <\/span><span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"rightarrow\" data-index-in-node=\"25\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mrel\">\u2192<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"citation-16 citation-end-16\"> Dise\u00f1o anal\u00edtico <\/span><span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"rightarrow\" data-index-in-node=\"54\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mrel\">\u2192<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"citation-15 citation-end-15\"> Dise\u00f1o detallado y prueba <\/span><span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"rightarrow\" data-index-in-node=\"92\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mrel\">\u2192<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"citation-14 citation-end-14\"> Redise\u00f1o y producci\u00f3n <\/span><span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"rightarrow\" data-index-in-node=\"126\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mrel\">\u2192<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"citation-13 citation-end-13\">Comercializaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 data-path-to-node=\"8\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Los_bucles_de_retroalimentacion_feedback_loops\"><\/span>2. Los bucles de retroalimentaci\u00f3n <em>(feedback loops)<\/em><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"9\">Son el coraz\u00f3n del modelo. Conectan cada etapa con la anterior. Por ejemplo:<\/p>\n<ul data-path-to-node=\"10\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"10,0,0\">Si durante la producci\u00f3n se descubre un fallo, se env\u00eda informaci\u00f3n de vuelta al dise\u00f1o para corregirlo.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"10,1,0\">Si los clientes en el mercado sugieren mejoras, esa informaci\u00f3n viaja hacia atr\u00e1s para ajustar el producto.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 data-path-to-node=\"11\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_El_vinculo_con_el_conocimiento_existente\"><\/span>3. El v\u00ednculo con el conocimiento existente<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"12\">Antes de gastar dinero en investigar algo nuevo, las empresas consultan su \u00abbase de conocimientos\u00bb (libros, patentes, experiencia de empleados). Si el conocimiento actual resuelve el problema, el proceso sigue. Solo si no hay respuesta, se recurre a la I+D.<\/p>\n<h4 data-path-to-node=\"14\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_El_vinculo_con_la_investigacion\"><\/span>4. El v\u00ednculo con la investigaci\u00f3n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"15\">Aqu\u00ed es donde entra la ciencia. <span class=\"citation-12 citation-end-12\">La relaci\u00f3n es bidireccional: la investigaci\u00f3n puede abrir nuevas \u00e1reas de dise\u00f1o, pero las necesidades del dise\u00f1o tambi\u00e9n \u00abtiran\u00bb de la investigaci\u00f3n para resolver problemas espec\u00edficos que nadie ha estudiado antes.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 data-path-to-node=\"16\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_El_vinculo_directo_ciencia-mercado\"><\/span>5. El v\u00ednculo directo ciencia-mercado<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"17\">Representa aquellos casos en que un descubrimiento cient\u00edfico radical crea una industria totalmente nueva (como la biotecnolog\u00eda o la computaci\u00f3n cu\u00e1ntica), aunque esto es menos com\u00fan que la innovaci\u00f3n incremental impulsada por el mercado.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-3 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-top:20px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-3 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-3 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:36;line-height:1.5;\">Ejemplos<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:1px;--awb-icon-size:15px;--awb-content-font-size:20px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#f9f9f9;--awb-border-color:#cccccc;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#000000;--awb-divider-hover-color:#000000;--awb-icon-color:#ffffff;--awb-title-color:#af7baf;--awb-content-color:#747474;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#9b00af;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Roboto Condensed&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:regular;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:20px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-boxed\" id=\"accordion-59422-1\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-596a12374f3f52741 fusion-toggle-has-divider\" style=\"--awb-title-color:#af7baf;\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h3 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_596a12374f3f52741\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"596a12374f3f52741\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-59422-1\" data-target=\"#596a12374f3f52741\" href=\"#596a12374f3f52741\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Desarrollo de software<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div><div id=\"596a12374f3f52741\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_596a12374f3f52741\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p data-path-to-node=\"0\">Imaginemos el desarrollo de una <strong>herramienta SaaS de gesti\u00f3n de proyectos basada en inteligencia artificial<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h4 data-path-to-node=\"3\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_El_mercado_potencial_inicio_de_la_cadena_central\"><\/span>1. El mercado potencial (inicio de la cadena central)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"4\">Todo comienza detectando una fricci\u00f3n: <i data-path-to-node=\"4\" data-index-in-node=\"39\">\u00abLos gestores de proyectos pierden 4 horas al d\u00eda organizando tareas manualmente\u00bb<\/i>.<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"5,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"5,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Acci\u00f3n:<\/b><\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"5,0,0\">No se empieza investigando algoritmos nuevos, sino definiendo el problema de negocio y el segmento de clientes.<\/p>\n<h4 data-path-to-node=\"6\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Diseno_analitico_y_diseno_detallado\"><\/span>2. Dise\u00f1o anal\u00edtico y dise\u00f1o detallado<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"7\"><span class=\"citation-37 citation-end-37\">El equipo de producto crea un prototipo o MVP con funciones b\u00e1sicas de automatizaci\u00f3n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"8,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"8,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Uso del conocimiento existente:<\/b><\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"8,0,0\">En lugar de crear un motor de IA desde cero, la empresa utiliza modelos existentes (como GPT-4 a trav\u00e9s de API) y bases de datos est\u00e1ndar (PostgreSQL). Aqu\u00ed se agota el conocimiento disponible antes de investigar.<\/p>\n<h4 data-path-to-node=\"9\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Los_bucles_de_retroalimentacion_feedback_loops\"><\/span>3. Los bucles de retroalimentaci\u00f3n <em>(feedback loops)<\/em><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"10\">Este es el punto m\u00e1s fuerte en SaaS. Una vez que el software se lanza en versi\u00f3n <em>beta:<\/em><\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"11,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"11,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Bucle corto:<\/b><\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"11,0,0\">Los usuarios reportan que la integraci\u00f3n con Slack falla. El equipo de desarrollo vuelve al dise\u00f1o detallado para corregir el c\u00f3digo inmediatamente.<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"11,1,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"11,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Bucle largo:<\/b><\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"11,1,0\">El mercado indica que la IA es buena, pero que lo que realmente necesitan es un generador de reportos financieros. La empresa debe volver casi al inicio (dise\u00f1o anal\u00edtico) para replantear la arquitectura del producto.<\/p>\n<h4 data-path-to-node=\"12\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Conexion_con_la_investigacion\"><\/span>4. Conexi\u00f3n con la investigaci\u00f3n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"13\">Supongamos que el equipo quiere que la IA prediga retrasos en proyectos con una precisi\u00f3n del 99%, pero las herramientas actuales (conocimiento existente) solo llegan al 80%.<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"14,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"14,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Acci\u00f3n:<\/b><\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"14,0,0\">Solo en este momento, la empresa invierte en investigaci\u00f3n. Contratan cient\u00edficos de datos para desarrollar un algoritmo propio de aprendizaje por refuerzo que no existe en el mercado.<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"14,1,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"14,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Resultado:<\/b><\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"14,1,0\">Si tienen \u00e9xito, ese nuevo conocimiento vuelve a la cadena central para mejorar el producto.<\/p>\n<h4 data-path-to-node=\"15\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_El_vinculo_ciencia-mercado\"><\/span>5. El v\u00ednculo ciencia-mercado<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"16\">Puede ser que mientras se investiga la predicci\u00f3n de retrasos se descubra accidentalmente una nueva forma de procesar lenguaje natural, que permitir\u00e1 crear un chatbot de soporte ultra eficiente.<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"17,0,0\">Este descubrimiento cient\u00edfico llevar\u00e1 a abrir una nueva l\u00ednea de producto (un <em>pivot),<\/em> que no estaba planeada inicialmente, conectando la ciencia directamente con una nueva oportunidad de mercado.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-1be7d787ceaacbad1 fusion-toggle-has-divider\" style=\"--awb-title-color:#af7baf;\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h3 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_1be7d787ceaacbad1\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"1be7d787ceaacbad1\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-59422-1\" data-target=\"#1be7d787ceaacbad1\" href=\"#1be7d787ceaacbad1\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Desarrollo de un nuevo servicio<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div><div id=\"1be7d787ceaacbad1\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_1be7d787ceaacbad1\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p data-path-to-node=\"0\">Tomemos como ejemplo la creaci\u00f3n de un <strong>s<\/strong><b data-path-to-node=\"0\" data-index-in-node=\"103\">ervicio de telemedicina especializada para \u00e1reas rurales<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"1\">A diferencia de un producto f\u00edsico, aqu\u00ed la innovaci\u00f3n residir\u00e1 en la log\u00edstica, la interacci\u00f3n humana y la plataforma de entrega.<\/p>\n<h4 data-path-to-node=\"3\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_El_mercado_potencial_inicio_de_la_cadena_central-2\"><\/span>1. El mercado potencial (inicio de la cadena central)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"4\">El proceso no nace de un nuevo descubrimiento m\u00e9dico, sino de una brecha social: <i data-path-to-node=\"4\" data-index-in-node=\"81\">\u00abPacientes en zonas remotas tardan 6 meses en ver a un especialista y gastan mucho dinero en traslados\u00bb<\/i>.<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"5,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"5,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Acci\u00f3n:<\/b><\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"5,0,0\">Se identifica la oportunidad de crear un servicio de consulta remota con estaciones diagn\u00f3sticas locales.<\/p>\n<h4 data-path-to-node=\"6\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Diseno_analitico_y_diseno_detallado-2\"><\/span>2. Dise\u00f1o anal\u00edtico y dise\u00f1o detallado<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"7\">Se dise\u00f1a el \u00abviaje del cliente\u00bb: \u00bfc\u00f3mo pide la cita?, \u00bfqui\u00e9n toma los signos vitales?, \u00bfc\u00f3mo se receta?<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"8,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"8,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Uso del conocimiento existente:<\/b><\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"8,0,0\">En lugar de inventar la videoconferencia, se integra WebRTC o herramientas como Zoom. Se utilizan protocolos m\u00e9dicos ya establecidos (conocimiento existente) para triaje. El servicio se ensambla combinando tecnolog\u00edas que ya funcionan.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Los_bucles_de_retroalimentacion_feedback_loops-2\"><\/span>3. Los bucles de retroalimentaci\u00f3n <em>(feedback loops)<\/em><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"10\">En los servicios, la retroalimentaci\u00f3n es inmediata y emocional:<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"11,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"11,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Bucle corto:<\/b><\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"11,0,0\">El personal de enfermer\u00eda en los pueblos reporta que el <em>software<\/em> de registro es muy lento con internet satelital. El equipo t\u00e9cnico vuelve al dise\u00f1o detallado para crear un modo <em>offline.<\/em><\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"11,1,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"11,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Bucle largo:<\/b><\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"11,1,0\">Los pacientes conf\u00edan en los m\u00e9dicos, pero no saben c\u00f3mo comprar las medicinas por v\u00eda digital. La empresa debe volver al dise\u00f1o del servicio para incluir una red de farmacias locales asociadas.<\/p>\n<h4 data-path-to-node=\"12\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Conexion_con_la_investigacion-2\"><\/span>4. Conexi\u00f3n con la investigaci\u00f3n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"13\">Supongamos que el servicio detecta que muchos pacientes rurales tienen patolog\u00edas raras de piel que los m\u00e9dicos generales no saben diagnosticar por c\u00e1mara.<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"14,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"14,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Acci\u00f3n:<\/b><\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"14,0,0\">La empresa recurre a la investigaci\u00f3n. Colabora con una universidad para entrenar una red neuronal que analice fotos de piel en baja resoluci\u00f3n y ayude al diagn\u00f3stico.<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"14,1,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"14,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Resultado:<\/b><\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"14,1,0\">Esta nueva capacidad t\u00e9cnica se \u00abinyecta\u00bb en la cadena central del servicio para darle mayor valor.<\/p>\n<h4 data-path-to-node=\"15\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_El_vinculo_ciencia-mercado_impacto_directo\"><\/span>5. El v\u00ednculo ciencia-mercado (impacto directo)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"16\">Gracias a la enorme cantidad de datos recolectados por el servicio, se descubre un patr\u00f3n epidemiol\u00f3gico: una enfermedad causada por un mineral en el agua de la zona.<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"17,0,0\">Este hallazgo cient\u00edfico, derivado de la operaci\u00f3n del servicio, genera un nuevo mercado: consultor\u00eda de salud p\u00fablica para gobiernos locales.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-4 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-top:20px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-4 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-4 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:36;line-height:1.5;\">Recursos adicionales<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-5 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-5 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:24;--minFontSize:24;line-height:1.5;\">Bibliograf\u00eda recomendada<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-5\"><p>Kline, S. J., &amp; Rosenberg, N. (1986). <i data-path-to-node=\"5,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"50\">An Overview of Innovation<\/i>. En R. Landau &amp; N. Rosenberg (Eds.), <i data-path-to-node=\"5,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"113\">The Positive Sum Strategy: Harnessing Technology for Economic Growth<\/i> (pp. 275-305). National Academy Press.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Trabajo en el que Kline y Rosenberg definieron el modelo por primera vez.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Rosenberg, N. (1982). <i data-path-to-node=\"8,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"29\">Inside the Black Box: Technology and Economics<\/i>. Cambridge University Press.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Analiza la \u00abcaja negra\u00bb del cambio tecnol\u00f3gico y c\u00f3mo la innovaci\u00f3n ocurre dentro de las empresas, mas all\u00e1 de la teor\u00eda econ\u00f3mica cl\u00e1sica.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Tidd, J., &amp; Bessant, J. (2020). <i data-path-to-node=\"11,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"39\">Managing Innovation: Integrating Technological, Market and Organizational Change<\/i>. Wiley.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Probablemente, el libro de texto m\u00e1s utilizado sobre gesti\u00f3n de la innovaci\u00f3n. Explica el modelo de Kline como la base para entender la innovaci\u00f3n interactiva.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Hidalgo Nuchera, A., Le\u00f3n Serrano, G., &amp; Pav\u00f3n Morote, J. (2002). <i data-path-to-node=\"11,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"73\">La gesti\u00f3n de la innovaci\u00f3n y la tecnolog\u00eda en las organizaciones<\/i>. Pir\u00e1mide.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Una de las mejores y mas completas referencias en espa\u00f1ol sobre gesti\u00f3n de la innovaci\u00f3n; desglosa el modelo de enlaces en cadena de forma did\u00e1ctica.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-6 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-6 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:24;--minFontSize:24;line-height:1.5;\">Recursos en l\u00ednea<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-content-boxes content-boxes columns row fusion-columns-1 fusion-columns-total-1 fusion-content-boxes-1 content-boxes-icon-with-title content-left\" style=\"--awb-hover-accent-color:#000000;--awb-circle-hover-accent-color:transparent;--awb-item-margin-bottom:40px;\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div style=\"--awb-backgroundcolor:#ffffff;\" class=\"fusion-column content-box-column content-box-column content-box-column-1 col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 fusion-content-box-hover content-box-column-last content-box-column-last-in-row\"><div class=\"col content-box-wrapper content-wrapper-background link-area-link-icon link-type-button-bar icon-hover-animation-fade\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div class=\"heading heading-with-icon icon-left\"><a class=\"heading-link\" style=\"float:left;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=BtUWTz4mcjw&amp;t=4s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><div class=\"icon\"><i style=\"background-color:transparent;border-color:transparent;height:auto;width: 21px;line-height:normal;font-size:21px;\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fontawesome-icon fa-youtube fab circle-no\"><\/i><\/div><h4 class=\"content-box-heading fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"--h4_typography-font-size:20px;--fontSize:20;line-height:1.5;\">Modelo de Kline y Rosenberg<\/h4><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><div class=\"content-container\">\n<p>Video de Juan Pavlicevic, divulgador en gesti\u00f3n de la innovaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><a class=\" fusion-read-more fusion-button-bar\" style=\"float:left;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=BtUWTz4mcjw&amp;t=4s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ver v\u00eddeo<\/a><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-5 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-7 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-7 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:36;line-height:1.5;\">Enlaces<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-8 fusion_builder_column_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:33.333333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.76%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-9 fusion_builder_column_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:33.333333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.76%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div ><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat fusion-button-default-size button-default fusion-button-default button-1 fusion-button-span-yes fusion-button-default-type\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nathan_Rosenberg\"><i class=\"fa-wikipedia-w fab awb-button__icon awb-button__icon--default button-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Nathan Rosenberg<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-10 fusion_builder_column_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:33.333333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.76%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-6 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-11 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:60px;width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-dotted\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;border-color:#000000;border-top-width:1px;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"ttr_end\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_vp_format_video_url":"","_vp_image_focal_point":[]},"glosario_categoria":[7247,7001],"glosario_tag":[7053,7051],"class_list":["post-59422","glosario","type-glosario","status-publish","hentry","glosario_categoria-innovacion","glosario_categoria-organizaciones-negocios","glosario_tag-gestion-de-la-innovacion","glosario_tag-gestion-del-conocimiento"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/glosario\/59422","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/glosario"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/glosario"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=59422"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"glosario_categoria","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fglosario_categoria&post=59422"},{"taxonomy":"glosario_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fglosario_tag&post=59422"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}