{"id":59491,"date":"2020-05-25T12:05:45","date_gmt":"2020-05-25T10:05:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/glossary\/teoria-de-la-eleccion-social\/"},"modified":"2020-05-25T12:05:45","modified_gmt":"2020-05-25T10:05:45","slug":"teoria-de-la-eleccion-social","status":"publish","type":"glosario","link":"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/?glosario=teoria-de-la-eleccion-social","title":{"rendered":"teor\u00eda de la elecci\u00f3n social"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"ttr_start\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><p>Enfoque te\u00f3rico para el an\u00e1lisis de la decisi\u00f3n colectiva a partir de la combinaci\u00f3n de opiniones y preferencias individuales.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\">\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-1 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:36;line-height:1.5;\">Descripci\u00f3n<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3\"><p data-path-to-node=\"0\">La teor\u00eda de la elecci\u00f3n social es un marco te\u00f3rico que se utiliza para analizar c\u00f3mo se pueden combinar las opiniones, preferencias, intereses o bienestar individuales de los miembros de una sociedad para llegar a una decisi\u00f3n colectiva o establecer un bienestar social en alg\u00fan sentido.<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"3\">El principal objetivo es encontrar m\u00e9todos o reglas para agregar las posturas individuales y obtener una decisi\u00f3n grupal que refleje de la mejor manera posible el deseo de la comunidad o que procure el bienestar social.<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"16\">Figuras como Amartya Sen han ampliado la teor\u00eda, integrando conceptos de equidad y justicia en el an\u00e1lisis de la elecci\u00f3n colectiva, buscando soluciones o alternativas a las limitaciones planteadas por el teorema de Arrow.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-4\"><h3 data-path-to-node=\"6\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Areas_de_aplicacion\"><\/span>\u00c1reas de aplicaci\u00f3n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"6\">Se utiliza en diversas \u00e1reas, especialmente en:<\/p>\n<ul data-path-to-node=\"7\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"7,0,0\"><b>Econom\u00eda del bienestar:<\/b> Para definir qu\u00e9 se considera un resultado socialmente \u00f3ptimo.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"7,1,0\"><b>Ciencia pol\u00edtica:<\/b> Para estudiar sistemas de votaci\u00f3n, la promulgaci\u00f3n de leyes y los procesos de toma de decisiones en democracia.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"7,2,0\"><b>Filosof\u00eda:<\/b> Para abordar conceptos de justicia, equidad y libertad.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-3 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-5\"><h3 data-path-to-node=\"10\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"La_paradoja_de_Arrow\"><\/span>La paradoja de Arrow<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"10\">El desaf\u00edo m\u00e1s famoso y fundamental en la teor\u00eda de la elecci\u00f3n social es el teorema de imposibilidad de Arrow, propuesto por Kenneth Arrow, que demuestra una dificultad l\u00f3gica en los sistemas de elecci\u00f3n social.<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"11\">En esencia, Arrow demostr\u00f3 que es imposible tener una regla de elecci\u00f3n social que satisfaga al mismo tiempo un conjunto de condiciones democr\u00e1ticas y racionales consideradas m\u00ednimas, tales como:<\/p>\n<ul data-path-to-node=\"12\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"12,0,0\"><b>Dominio irrestricto:<\/b> La regla debe funcionar con cualquier conjunto de preferencias individuales.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"12,1,0\"><b>Principio de Pareto (unanimidad):<\/b> Si todos los individuos prefieren la opci\u00f3n A sobre la B, la sociedad debe preferir A sobre B.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"12,2,0\"><b>Independencia de alternativas irrelevantes:<\/b> La elecci\u00f3n social entre A y B solo debe depender de c\u00f3mo los individuos ordenan A y B y no de c\u00f3mo ordenan otras alternativas (como C).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"12,3,0\"><b>No dictadura:<\/b> No debe haber un \u00fanico individuo cuyas preferencias sean siempre las preferencias de la sociedad.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"13\">La conclusi\u00f3n de Arrow es que ning\u00fan m\u00e9todo de agregaci\u00f3n de preferencias puede satisfacer todas estas condiciones simult\u00e1neamente sin caer en una paradoja o en la dictadura.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-3 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-4 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:60px;width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-dotted\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;border-color:#000000;border-top-width:1px;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"ttr_end\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Enfoque te\u00f3rico para el an\u00e1lisis de la decisi\u00f3n colectiva a partir de la combinaci\u00f3n de opiniones y preferencias individuales.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_vp_format_video_url":"","_vp_image_focal_point":[]},"glosario_categoria":[],"glosario_tag":[7125,7026,7086],"class_list":["post-59491","glosario","type-glosario","status-publish","hentry","glosario_tag-ciencia-politica","glosario_tag-ciencias-sociales","glosario_tag-economia"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/glosario\/59491","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/glosario"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/glosario"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=59491"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"glosario_categoria","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fglosario_categoria&post=59491"},{"taxonomy":"glosario_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.carolinacampalans.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fglosario_tag&post=59491"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}